【摘要】：隨著人類社會經濟的快速發(fā)展,災害的發(fā)生頻率、強度以及災害造成的損失日益增加,傳統(tǒng)的單一災種的防災減災工作體系已不能滿足當前防災減災工作的需要。綜合防災減災作為一種社會性系統(tǒng)工程,由于其面向多種災害和災害鏈,充分考慮各災害之間的自然關系,采取多種工程性與非工程性減災措施進行防災減災,可以最大程度地發(fā)揮社會減災能力的聯(lián)合作用,最大限度地減輕災害損失與影響,已成為災害管理的熱點研究問題。重慶市自直轄以來,防災減災工作已取得顯著成效。 本文基于地球系統(tǒng)科學思想,深入分析重慶市市情、災情以及防災減災工作現(xiàn)狀,重點分析重慶市的災害特征與防災減災工作取得的成就與存在的問題,尤其對重慶市防災減災工作中存在的問題予以深度剖析；立足重慶市市情、災情,對現(xiàn)有資源進行整合、對不足與問題予以完善和修正,從管理體制、運行機制、監(jiān)測預報預警體系、災害防治體系、災害應急救援救助和災后恢復重建體系等綜合防災減災系統(tǒng)性工程的各方面各環(huán)節(jié)進行系統(tǒng)構建。并提出了重慶市綜合防災減災工作體系建設的重點項目。 (1)綜合防災減災管理體制。災害管理貫穿于綜合防災減災全過程,管理體制的完善與否直接關系到防災減災工作效率的高低。本文首先對現(xiàn)有防災減災管理體制進行修正與完善：設立重慶市綜合防災減災委員會作為重慶市綜合防災減災工作的統(tǒng)一領導機構,以重慶市綜合防災減災辦公室作為防災減災委員會的日常辦事機構及統(tǒng)一協(xié)調指揮機構,建立綜合災害信息數(shù)據(jù)庫,為重慶市所有災害管理部門提供信息。重慶市防災減災委員會下設重慶市綜合災害防治指揮部、綜合災害應急處置指揮部、綜合災害恢復重建指揮部和綜合防災減災保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部,簡稱四大指揮部,四大指揮部作為重慶市綜合防災減災工作的具體實施機構在防災減災委員會(辦公室)的統(tǒng)一領導下保持聯(lián)系緊密,信息共享,共同致力于重慶市綜合防災減災工作。四大指揮部下設子機構對防災減災各環(huán)節(jié)予以具體實施(綜合災害應急處置指揮部下設應急聯(lián)動中心,災害發(fā)生時各部門無條件配合應急聯(lián)動中心的調動)。各區(qū)縣(自治縣)政府、開發(fā)區(qū)管委會、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)(街道)和有條件的村(社區(qū))均應根據(jù)當?shù)貫那閰⒄帐屑壘C合防災減災領導組織體系建立當?shù)鼐C合防災減災領導組織體系。 (2)高效聯(lián)動的運行機制。根據(jù)重慶市市情和災情,制定定期排查—實時監(jiān)測—信息管理與共享—風險分析與鏈性分析—災害防治(救援—災后重建)—信息管理與共享的高效聯(lián)動的運行機制。 (3)綜合災害監(jiān)測預報預警體系。在現(xiàn)有災害監(jiān)測網基礎上增加企事業(yè)單位災情速報點、民居災情速報點和環(huán)境災害監(jiān)測網；以氣象災害監(jiān)測為依托(氣象災害信息實時傳輸予各災害監(jiān)測網),實現(xiàn)地質災害與洪澇災害的綜合監(jiān)測、農業(yè)災害、林業(yè)災害及生物災害綜合監(jiān)測、人為災害綜合監(jiān)測、環(huán)境災害綜合監(jiān)測,根據(jù)綜合信息進行災害監(jiān)測與災害防治的相關調整。 (4)綜合災害防治體系。對關聯(lián)度大的不同災害實施統(tǒng)一、綜合防治。 (5)綜合災害應急救援救助。災害發(fā)生地綜合災害應急處置指揮部與駐地應急聯(lián)動中心及時處置,并及時上報。 (6)災后恢復重建。災害發(fā)生地綜合災害恢復重建指揮部為主要負責部門,市綜合災害恢復重建指揮部予以全程指導和監(jiān)督,市綜合防災減災保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部協(xié)助當?shù)鼐C合防災減災保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部全面負責災后恢復重建的保障工作。 (7)綜合防災減災保障體系。綜合防災減災保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部聯(lián)合各相關部門全面負責法規(guī)、預案、人力、資金、技術、物資、宣傳等防災減災相關保障工作。 (8)重慶市綜合防災減災工作體系建設的重點項目。綜合災害風險調查與評估工程、應急聯(lián)動中心建設、物資儲備庫和應急避難場所建設、災害模擬與仿真系統(tǒng)建設、綜合防災減災宣傳教育試點研究和綜合防災減災示范社區(qū)建設工程等六大項目是重慶市綜合防災減災工作體系建設的重要環(huán)節(jié),要求質與量的絕對保障。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human society economy, the frequency and intensity of disasters and the damage caused by disasters are increasing, and the traditional disaster prevention and mitigation work system of single disaster can not meet the needs of the current disaster prevention and mitigation work. As a kind of social system engineering, comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction is a kind of social system engineering, because it faces many disasters and disasters chain, takes full consideration of the natural relation between disasters, takes a variety of engineering and non-engineering disaster reduction measures for disaster prevention and mitigation, The joint role of social disaster reduction capability can be exerted to the greatest extent, the disaster loss and influence can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the problem of hot research on disaster management has become a hot topic of disaster management. Since its direct administration in Chongqing, disaster prevention and mitigation has achieved remarkable results. Based on the scientific thought of the earth system, this paper deeply analyzes the situation of disaster, disaster and disaster prevention and reduction in Chongqing, and points out the achievements and existing achievements of disaster characteristics and disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing. The problems, especially the problems existing in disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing, are analyzed in depth; based on Chongqing city situation and disaster situation, the existing resources are fully integrated, the deficiency and problems are improved and revised, and the management system, operating mechanism, monitoring and forecasting early warning system and disaster prevention and control system are taken from the aspects of management system, operation mechanism, monitoring and forecasting system and disaster prevention and control system. System, disaster emergency rescue and disaster recovery reconstruction system and other integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction system, and all aspects of the system The construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction work system in Chongqing is put forward. Project. (1) Comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction Disaster management is through the whole process of comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction, the improvement of management system is directly related to disaster prevention and reduction work The paper firstly revises and perfects the existing disaster prevention and reduction management system: the establishment of Chongqing Integrated Disaster Prevention and Reduction Committee as the system of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing A leading agency, with the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction office of Chongqing as the daily office of the disaster prevention and mitigation committee and the unified coordinating command agency, set up a comprehensive disaster information database, which is the disaster management department in Chongqing The disaster prevention and mitigation committee of Chongqing has set up the integrated disaster prevention and control headquarters of Chongqing, the comprehensive disaster emergency disposal command, the comprehensive disaster recovery reconstruction headquarters and the integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction protection work unified command. The four headquarters, the four headquarters, serve as the concrete implementing agencies of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction work in Chongqing, maintain close contact and information sharing under the unified leadership of the Disaster Prevention and Disaster Reduction Committee (Office), and jointly commit to the comprehensive prevention and reduction of Chongqing Disaster reduction and disaster reduction work. The sub-agencies under the four headquarters are responsible for the implementation of each link of disaster prevention and reduction (the Integrated Disaster Emergency Treatment Command has an emergency linkage center, and all departments shall cooperate unconditionally in the emergency linkage at the time of occurrence of disasters) All counties (autonomous counties), counties, towns (streets) and conditional villages (communities) shall, on the basis of local disasters, establish local comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation collar according to the local disaster situation and the municipal comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction leading organization system Guide tissue system. (2) High In accordance with the situation and situation of Chongqing Municipality, the author establishes the high-level information management and shared high-level information management and sharing of the real-time monitoring and management system information management and sharing risk management and the chain analysis according to the city situation and the disaster situation in Chongqing. Operational mechanism of efficiency linkage. (3) ensemble An early warning system for disaster monitoring and forecasting is built on the basis of the existing disaster monitoring system, and the disaster quick report points of enterprises and institutions are added on the basis of the existing disasters, and the disaster recovery points and the environmental disaster information of the residential areas are reported; the meteorological disaster monitoring is based on the meteorological disaster information (real-time transmission of meteorological disaster information to the disaster victims) so as to realize the geological disaster. Comprehensive monitoring of disaster and flood disaster, agricultural disaster, forestry disaster and biological disaster comprehensive monitoring, man-made disaster comprehensive monitoring, environmental disaster comprehensive monitoring, disaster monitoring according to comprehensive information Relevant adjustments to the prevention and control of disasters. (4) Comprehensive disaster prevention and control system. Unified and comprehensive prevention and control of different disasters. (5) Comprehensive disaster emergency rescue and rescue. Integrated disaster emergency disposal command and office in the place where disasters occur Local emergency linkage center in time Set up and report in time. (6) Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. The disaster site comprehensive disaster recovery and reconstruction headquarters is the main responsible department and city The Comprehensive Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Command shall provide overall guidance and supervision to the integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and protection work of the local area The unified command is fully responsible for the recovery of the disaster after the disaster Comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction and reduction system. Comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and reduction guarantee work unified command joint all relevant departments to take charge of regulations, preplan and manpower Relevant safeguards for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as funds, technology, materials and publicity. (8) Key projects for the construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction work system in Chongqing; the comprehensive disaster risk investigation and assessment project and the construction of the emergency linkage center; The six projects, such as the construction of material reserve and emergency shelter, the construction of disaster simulation and simulation system, the pilot study on comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation and the demonstration of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation, and the construction project of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation, are comprehensive in Chongqing.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X4

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 金磊;中國綜合減災立法體系研究——兼論編研國家《綜合減災法》的幾個重要問題[J];北京聯(lián)合大學學報(人文社會科學版);2004年04期

2 金磊;;中國城市綜合減災的未來學研究[J];重慶建筑;2007年02期

3 門可佩;高建國;;重大災害鏈及其防御[J];地球物理學進展;2008年01期

4 馬宗晉;;世界環(huán)境問題和中國減災工作研究進展[J];地學前緣;2007年06期

5 劉惠敏,張業(yè)成,高慶華;21世紀初自然災害態(tài)勢預測和綜合研究[J];國土資源科技管理;2002年04期

6 朱勛克;論綜合減災基本法的立法要義[J];法學雜志;2002年03期

7 王鳳京;;地震災后重建中的多元化資金支持研究[J];防災科技學院學報;2009年03期

8 金磊;城市公共安全與綜合減災規(guī)劃面臨的九大問題[J];廣州大學學報(社會科學版);2005年04期

9 曾侃煜;;重慶市山洪災害防治現(xiàn)狀及工作對策[J];中國防汛抗旱;2012年04期

10 蔣麗敏;張丹;;救災資金管理體制的國際經驗與啟示[J];海南金融;2009年07期

，

本文編號：2309705