【摘要】：隨著人類社會的發(fā)展與進步，人們對自身的安全意識逐漸提高，但是在生活工作中又不得不經(jīng)常出入一些人員比較密集的場所，如會場、商場等等，人口密集場所極容易發(fā)生突發(fā)事件、群死群傷事故，往往造成人員的嚴重傷亡。因此，人口密集場所中人員的應急疏散問題日益受到人們的關注，人員密集場所人群在發(fā)生突發(fā)事件時能夠安全、快速、有序地疏散，在短時間內(nèi)安全地疏散轉(zhuǎn)移高密集人群,實施科學的應急疏散策略，是減少災害(事故)后果嚴重性及傷亡的重要措施和手段。因此，對人口密集場所人員疏散進行研究，具有十分重要的意義。 本文針對人口密集場所應急疏散問題，在相關研究背景、研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎上，通過對不同的人員安全疏散模型的研究，對疏散問題做出不同分析、描述，找出人員應急疏散過程中的主要矛盾，解決應急疏散問題的關鍵不是描述某個瞬時疏散人員群集的狀態(tài)，而是應該能夠反映整個疏散過程，建立以安全疏散時間最短為目標的最優(yōu)化模型。 首先對最優(yōu)化理論，群集流動理論進行介紹；然后介紹LINGO軟件的有關概念，在規(guī)劃模型求解中的應用，同其他求解軟件進行比較研究，LINGO系統(tǒng)在線性、非線性和整數(shù)規(guī)劃求解程序上的優(yōu)勢；接著對單層人員應急疏散進行分析，主要分為單出口和多出口兩個方面，單出口疏散是一切疏散研究的基礎，在此基礎上建立單層多出口應急安全疏散模型，在建立模型過程中，考慮的每個疏散人員的安全，運用了求整計算，在考慮整體人員疏散的同時，盡量保證疏散中個體的安全。再運用LINGO軟件求解的基礎上，對求解結(jié)果進行分析驗證，優(yōu)化求解結(jié)果，把定量的結(jié)果進行變量的轉(zhuǎn)換，，使結(jié)果更加符合實際情況需要；最后是對雙層多出口應急疏散的研究，深入分析上下兩層疏散人員在進行疏散時所需要的疏散時間問題，分別就其疏散時間的不同立建立兩個安全疏散模型，著眼于實際安全疏散情況的需要，選擇適合的疏散模型，通過相應實例的驗證，確定兩類安全疏散模型的可行性。為模型的實際應用、制定應急疏散方案提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of human society, people's awareness of their own safety has been gradually improved, but in their daily life and work, they often have to go to and from places with relatively dense staff, such as venues, shopping malls, and so on. People in densely populated places are prone to sudden events, mass death and injuries, which often result in serious casualties. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the emergency evacuation of people in densely populated places. People in densely populated places can safely, quickly and orderly evacuate, and safely evacuate and transfer high-density people in a short period of time. The implementation of scientific emergency evacuation strategy is an important measure and means to reduce the severity of disaster (accident) consequences and casualties. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the evacuation of people in densely populated places. In this paper, the emergency evacuation problem in densely populated areas is analyzed and described according to the background and current situation of the relevant research, through the study of different safety evacuation models. The key to solve the emergency evacuation problem is not to describe the state of an instantaneous evacuation group, but to reflect the whole evacuation process. An optimization model aiming at the shortest safe evacuation time is established. This paper first introduces the optimization theory and cluster flow theory, then introduces the related concepts of LINGO software, its application in programming model solving, and compares it with other solving software. The LINGO system is linear. The advantages of nonlinear and integer programming solutions, and then the analysis of single-level emergency evacuation, which is mainly divided into two aspects: single exit and multiple exits, and single exit evacuation is the basis of all evacuation research. On this basis, the single-layer multi-exit emergency evacuation model is established. In the process of establishing the model, the safety of each evacuee is calculated by using the integral calculation, and the individual safety in the evacuation is guaranteed at the same time as the whole evacuation is considered. On the basis of LINGO software, the solution results are analyzed and verified, the results are optimized, and the quantitative results are transformed into variables to make the results more in line with the actual situation. Finally, the study on the double-layer multi-exit emergency evacuation is carried out. This paper deeply analyzes the evacuation time of the upper and lower floor evacuees, establishes two safety evacuation models according to the different evacuation time, and selects the appropriate evacuation model according to the needs of the actual evacuation situation. The feasibility of two kinds of safety evacuation models is determined through the verification of corresponding examples. It provides the basis for the practical application of the model and the formulation of emergency evacuation plan.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X913;D035.2

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 楊麗;高俊宇;;最優(yōu)化方法在數(shù)學建模中的應用[J];滄州師范�？茖W校學報;2008年02期

2 張培紅,陳寶智;火災時人員疏散的行為規(guī)律[J];東北大學學報;2001年01期

3 張培紅,陳寶智;建筑物火災時人員疏散群集流動規(guī)律[J];東北大學學報;2001年05期

4 張培紅,陳寶智,盧兆明;人員應急疏散行動開始前的決策行為[J];東北大學學報;2005年02期

5 田維;;用Matlab與Lindo求解線性規(guī)劃[J];德宏師范高等�？茖W校學報;2006年01期

6 宋衛(wèi)國,于彥飛,陳濤;出口條件對人員疏散的影響及其分析[J];火災科學;2003年02期

7 于珍;;例談數(shù)學方法在經(jīng)濟中的應用[J];科技信息(科學教研);2008年25期

8 曾紅艷;;人員緊急疏散模型的研究及仿真分析[J];科學技術與工程;2010年30期

9 林亮;沈斐敏;;群集理論在酒店應急疏散中的應用[J];中國安全生產(chǎn)科學技術;2006年05期

10 肖雙喜;周星火;李向陽;梁政;;擁擠人群疏散數(shù)學模型的研究現(xiàn)狀探討[J];中國安全生產(chǎn)科學技術;2007年02期

本文編號：2284858