本文選題：收入流動性 + 代際收入流動性　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：在我國社會不平等現(xiàn)象加劇,相對貧困問題、跨代貧困問題也日益凸顯的背景下,研究如何促使社會具有較大的收入流動性,如何寄予窮人改善自己相對收入的機(jī)會,并實(shí)現(xiàn)收入地位的向上流動已變得十分緊迫和重要。關(guān)于中國某一年度收入不平等的研究已有很多,但是從長期乃至終身視角下考察微觀家庭代內(nèi)收入流動性、代際收入流動性的聯(lián)動變化以及代內(nèi)、代際收入流動性影響因素的研究卻仍很缺乏。本文以收入而非其他經(jīng)濟(jì)成就的指標(biāo)來界定貧困群體,測度了我國貧困階層收入狀態(tài)的長期動態(tài)變化,聯(lián)動考察了貧困階層代內(nèi)、代際收入流動性的變動趨勢以及跨代貧困的傳遞性,較全面地呈現(xiàn)了我國動態(tài)的長期收入分配情況;分析了影響貧困群體實(shí)現(xiàn)收入向上流動的因素,以及父代勞動力市場上的異地流動行為對子代發(fā)展的代際影響。希望本文的研究能夠?yàn)榇龠M(jìn)我國貧困人群實(shí)現(xiàn)收入的向上流動以及反貧困政策的制定,提供一些可行的依據(jù)及建議。本文的研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個方面:首先,在文獻(xiàn)回顧的基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)了影響收入流動性的人力資本理論模型,在人力資本理論框架下,分析教育、勞動力流動等生命周期過程中的人力資本投資、積累行為是如何影響代內(nèi)及代際間收入流動性的。在理論分析基礎(chǔ)上,提出了本文研究問題的幾個基本假設(shè)。其次,本文基于跨度20余年的1989-2011年“中國健康與營養(yǎng)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)”(China Health and Nutrition Survey,CHNS)追蹤微觀家庭收入的動態(tài)變化,在不同的貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和視角下,測度了轉(zhuǎn)型升級背景中,我國城鄉(xiāng)、各區(qū)域收入流動性的變化和趨勢,尤其是貧困群體的貧困狀態(tài)的動態(tài)變化、貧困階層的代內(nèi)、代際間的收入流動性和貧困的代際傳遞性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),1989-2011年間,我國城鄉(xiāng)絕對貧困發(fā)生率大幅下降,絕對貧困發(fā)生深度下降。但是相對貧困發(fā)生率呈現(xiàn)出“倒U型”的變化模式,且近幾年相對貧困發(fā)生深度在增加,社會被剝奪感在增大。雖然我國城鄉(xiāng)家庭的貧困以暫時性貧困為主,即在貧困類型中,以某一單年發(fā)生貧困為主,但是我國城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)長期貧困占總貧困的比例仍然較高,緩解長期貧困的任務(wù)仍然較重。以2000年為界,我國地區(qū)的收入流動性呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢,進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后我國社會的收入流動性在降低,收入分層越來越明顯,并且無論是城鄉(xiāng)間比較,還是區(qū)域間比較,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)更發(fā)達(dá)的城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū),以及最發(fā)達(dá)的東部地區(qū)的收入流動性都相對是最低的。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)無論是在農(nóng)村地區(qū)還是城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū),貧困階層前后兩期一直停留在收入最低分位上的比率呈現(xiàn)出先下降后提高的趨勢,即呈現(xiàn)出“V”型的變動趨勢,表明近10年來貧困群體實(shí)現(xiàn)收入向上流動的概率在降低,并且經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展越成熟地區(qū)的貧困家庭越難實(shí)現(xiàn)收入的向上流動。貧困的代際轉(zhuǎn)移測度表明收入貧困存在代際間的顯著傳遞影響。再次,基于理論分析和代內(nèi)、代際間收入流動性的測度結(jié)果,本文使用兩階段工具變量法研究了影響微觀貧困家庭收入向上流動的因素和作用路徑;使用回溯性的方法,首次分析了父代勞動力外出務(wù)工行為對子代發(fā)展的長期代際影響。結(jié)論顯示貧困家庭能否實(shí)現(xiàn)收入向上流動受多方面因素的影響,包括家庭的人口特征和家庭的人力資本積累、家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)行為和貧困家庭所在地區(qū)環(huán)境等。家庭的人力資本積累、家庭成員勞動力的外出流動會對貧困家庭實(shí)現(xiàn)向上的收入流動產(chǎn)生顯著的正向影響。但是父母外出的務(wù)工行為會對子代教育的長期發(fā)展產(chǎn)生顯著的負(fù)面影響,對子代在正規(guī)部門單位就業(yè)也有負(fù)向影響。最后,基于研究結(jié)論,本文提出了一些改善貧困狀態(tài),促進(jìn)貧困階層收入向上流動的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In the background of increasing social inequality, relative poverty and cross generation poverty, it is very urgent and important to study how to promote the society to have greater income mobility, how to send the poor to improve their relative income, and to realize the upward mobility of their income status. There are a lot of studies on income inequality, but it is still very lack of research on the mobility of micro family income, intergenerational income mobility and the factors of intergenerational income mobility from a long-term or even lifelong perspective. The long-term dynamic changes in the income state of the poor class in China, the linkage survey of the generation of the poor stratum, the changing trend of the intergenerational income mobility and the transmissibility of the intergenerational poverty, presented the dynamic long-term income distribution in China, and analyzed the factors affecting the upward flow of the income of the poor group and the parent labor force. It is hoped that this study can provide some feasible basis and suggestions for promoting the upward flow of income and the formulation of anti poverty policy for the poor people in China. The main contents of this paper include the following aspects: first, on the basis of literature review, This paper derives the theoretical model of human capital which affects the mobility of income. Under the framework of human capital theory, it analyzes how the human capital investment in the life cycle of education and labor flow, and how the accumulation behavior affects the intergenerational and intergenerational income liquidity. On the basis of theoretical analysis, some basic false points are put forward. Secondly, this paper, based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), traced the dynamic changes in the micro family income, based on the 1989-2011 years of 20 years' span, and measured the changes and trends of income mobility in the urban and rural areas of China in the background of the transformation and upgrading, in different poverty standards and perspectives. It is a dynamic change in the poor state of the poor, the generation of the poor, the intergenerational income mobility and the intergenerational transmissibility of poverty. In the 1989-2011 years, the incidence of absolute poverty in urban and rural areas in China has fallen sharply, and the absolute poverty has fallen deeply. But the incidence of relative poverty shows a "inverted U" pattern, In recent years, the depth of relative poverty is increasing, and the sense of social deprivation is increasing. Although the poverty in urban and rural families in China is dominated by temporary poverty, that is, in the type of poverty, poverty is mainly in a single year, but the proportion of long-term poverty in China's urban and rural areas is still higher, and the task of alleviating long-term poverty is still heavy. With the 2000 as the boundary, the income mobility of China's region shows a tendency to rise first and then decline. After twenty-first Century, the income mobility of our society is decreasing and the income stratification is more and more obvious, and the income flow in the more developed cities and towns and the most developed eastern regions is the comparison between the urban and rural areas and the regional comparison. Both in rural areas and in urban areas, the study also found that the ratio of the poverty level to the lowest income sub level in both rural and urban areas shows a tendency to decrease first and then increase, that is, the trend of "V" shows that the probability of achieving the upward mobility of the poor in the past 10 years has been reduced. The poorer families in the more mature areas are more difficult to realize the upward flow of income. The measurement of the intergenerational transfer of poverty shows that there is a significant transfer effect between generations. Thirdly, based on the results of the theoretical analysis and the measurement of intergenerational income mobility, this paper uses the two stage tool variable method to study the impact of micro. This is the first analysis of the long-term intergenerational influence on the development of the progeny of the migrant workers' migrant workers. The conclusion shows that the income flow of the poor families can be influenced by many factors, including the demographic characteristics of families and the human capital of the family. The accumulation of the family, the economic basis of the family, the economic behavior of the family and the environment of the poverty-stricken families. The accumulation of human capital in the family and the migration of the labor of the family members will have a significant positive effect on the upward mobility of the poor families. The negative impact of the work has a negative impact on the employment of the offspring in regular sector units. Finally, based on the conclusions of the study, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for improving poverty and promoting the upward mobility of the income of the poor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F126.2
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本文編號：1905099