【摘要】：創(chuàng)傷體驗作為文藝心理學(xué)的研究對象，與作家的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作之間存在密切復(fù)雜的聯(lián)系，因而成為探究作家的創(chuàng)作動機和作品表現(xiàn)的重要線索。從創(chuàng)傷角度對作家作品進行解讀，能夠?qū)⒆髡叩纳浇?jīng)歷、精神發(fā)展、思維邏輯與其作品創(chuàng)作緊密地聯(lián)系在一起。作家的生命體驗與文學(xué)創(chuàng)作有著本與末的聯(lián)系，而創(chuàng)傷性的生命體驗對作家的生命感悟和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作更是有著深重的難以磨滅的影響，甚至可以成為文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的最初動機。從創(chuàng)傷體驗的角度對張愛玲的小說進行研究，能夠最近距離地理解張愛玲小說創(chuàng)作動機的來源、思想主題的成因、人物形象塑造的現(xiàn)實觀照等。 首先，家族對族人的社會關(guān)系、政治經(jīng)濟權(quán)利和思想文化都有奠基性的作用。張愛玲的童年時期正是其家族由輝煌轉(zhuǎn)向衰落的轉(zhuǎn)折期，帶給張愛玲物質(zhì)生活乃至精神世界的震蕩，這讓她思索環(huán)境巨變給個體精神帶來的創(chuàng)傷。家族的由盛而衰對族里每個成員的物質(zhì)和精神生活產(chǎn)生重大影響，張愛玲用筆描繪出生活巨變帶來的人格畸變，這些經(jīng)典的形象也為成就張愛玲做出重要貢獻。其次，，二十世紀三四十年代女性解放及女權(quán)運動進行得如火如荼，但是張愛玲卻沒有受到時代潮流的沖刷，在文學(xué)作品中經(jīng)常流露出對金錢的喜愛。從心理學(xué)角度分析，這和家庭遭受變故以致生活發(fā)生重大改變有關(guān)，在金錢失衡的生活里她選擇拜金主義聊以自慰，這也正是創(chuàng)傷應(yīng)激的反映。金錢帶來的創(chuàng)傷體驗讓張愛玲反思生活永恒的支柱，這種生活體驗讓她在藝術(shù)世界里盡寫金錢帶來的人情冷漠，同時尋找撫慰精神創(chuàng)傷的良藥。再次，父母對兒童的忽視和關(guān)心不夠，會導(dǎo)致兒童的親情缺失進而演變成一種精神創(chuàng)傷，張愛玲在其小說創(chuàng)作中盡情描述惡母形象丑父形象，一方面暗含對父母的怨恨，另一方面也暗示著她對親情的渴望和向往。最后，反諷具有很強的藝術(shù)塑造能力，其核心質(zhì)素是否定和顛覆。張愛玲使用言語反諷、情景反諷、戲劇反諷對故事中的人和事進行嘲弄或者憐憫。反諷否定的顛覆的東西都在讀者閱讀的過程中挖掘并擴展起來。歷經(jīng)劫難的張愛玲對生活、生命有了深刻理解，她在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中頻繁使用反諷手法，正是因為領(lǐng)悟到群體生活生命的永恒和個體生活生命的無常，她用反諷藝術(shù)手法審視混亂的世界，同時對生命生活的本質(zhì)投去無限的人文關(guān)懷。
[Abstract]:As the object of study of literary psychology, trauma experience has a close and complicated relationship with the writer's literary creation, so it has become an important clue to explore the writer's creative motivation and the expression of his works. The author's life experience, spiritual development, thinking logic and creation of his works can be closely linked with the interpretation of his works from the perspective of trauma. The writer's life experience and literary creation have the relation between the original and the end, and the traumatic life experience has a profound and indelible influence on the writer's life perception and literary creation, and can even become the initial motive of literary creation. By studying Zhang Ailing's novels from the perspective of traumatic experience, we can understand the source of the motive, the cause of the thought theme, the realistic reflection of the portrayal of the characters and so on. First of all, the family plays a fundamental role in social relations, political and economic rights and ideological and cultural. Zhang Ailing's childhood was the turning period of her family from brilliance to decline, which brought the shock of the material life and even the spiritual world to Zhang Ailing, which made her think about the trauma to the individual spirit brought by the great change of the environment. The prosperity and decline of the family have a great influence on the material and spiritual life of every member of the family. Zhang Ailing used his pen to describe the personality distortion brought about by the great changes in life. These classic images also made important contributions to the achievement of Zhang Ailing. Secondly, the female liberation and feminist movement were in full swing in the 1930s and 1940s, but Zhang Ailing was not washed away by the trend of the times, and often showed his love for money in his literary works. From a psychological point of view, it has something to do with the changes in her family and her life. In a life of money imbalance, she chooses money worship to masturbate, which is precisely the reflection of traumatic stress. The traumatic experience brought by money makes Zhang Ailing reflect on the eternal pillar of life. This kind of life experience makes her write in the art world the human indifference brought by money and find a good remedy for psychological trauma. Thirdly, parents' neglect and concern for their children will lead to the lack of affection of the children and then develop into a kind of mental trauma. Zhang Ailing, in his novel creation, fully describes the ugly father image of the evil mother image, on the one hand, it implies resentment against the parents. On the other hand, it also hinted at her yearning for affection. Finally, irony has a strong artistic ability, its core quality is negation and subversion. Zhang Ailing uses verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony to ridicule or pity people and events in the story. The subversive things of irony and negation are excavated and expanded in the process of reading. Zhang Ailing, who has experienced disaster, has a profound understanding of life. She frequently uses irony in her literary creation because she understands the eternity of group life and the impermanence of individual life. She examined the chaotic world with irony and cast unlimited humanistic care on the essence of life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I207.42

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