民國時期十三世達賴?yán)镄略O(shè)機構(gòu)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-05 16:55
【摘要】：民國時期,內(nèi)地政局動蕩,西藏地方政治概莫能外,十三世達賴?yán)镒?913年起發(fā)布了諸多文告和命令,開始在西藏實行“新政”,推出了政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事、教育、社會服務(wù)等多方面的革故鼎新政策措施。十三世達賴?yán)镌谖鞑剡M行的“新政”雖是為抵御和防范外敵入侵,鞏固政教合一政權(quán)的改革,但它從客觀上促進了西藏政治、經(jīng)濟、文化和社會的發(fā)展,使西藏實現(xiàn)了向近代化社會的轉(zhuǎn)型。為了更有效地在西藏推行這些“新政”措施,噶廈先后成立了一些新設(shè)機構(gòu)。如：藏軍司令部、扎西電機廠、鹽茶局、農(nóng)務(wù)局、醫(yī)藥歷算局、軍糧局、公款稽核局、征糧收稅檢查局、馬牌調(diào)查局、郵政局、電報電話局、銀行、外事局等,而原西藏地方政府機構(gòu),是在創(chuàng)立甘丹頗章政權(quán)后,為適應(yīng)其政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事等各方面的發(fā)展而逐步完善起來的。但新政的推出,從政體方面看,西藏自此開始改變了噶廈傳統(tǒng)政權(quán)組織形式。新機構(gòu)的設(shè)置,使西藏地方職官制度有了不同程度的改變。新設(shè)機構(gòu)的增加體現(xiàn)出順應(yīng)時代潮流的進步性,可以看作是西藏地方體制近代化的開端。本文分為三章來介紹、分析新設(shè)機構(gòu)的若干問題。第一章,筆者分析新設(shè)機構(gòu)成立前的國內(nèi)外背景和西藏地方所處的特殊形勢,以期能夠了解十三世達賴?yán)镌凇靶抡敝性O(shè)立這些機構(gòu)的必要性和這些機構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的必然性。第二章,筆者詳盡介紹各個新設(shè)機構(gòu)的成立年代,辨析部分機構(gòu)成立年代,總結(jié)了這些機構(gòu)具有的特點。同時還對這些新設(shè)機構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系以及原有機構(gòu)孜康和譯倉與這些新設(shè)機構(gòu)的關(guān)系做了簡單辨析。第三章,筆者從新設(shè)機構(gòu)的發(fā)展和影響出發(fā),分析了對“新政”產(chǎn)生了重大影響的部分機構(gòu),以及由此造成西藏社會的上層貴族之間矛盾的原因等。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, the political situation in the interior was turbulent, and the local politics of Tibet was no exception. Since 1913, the 13th Dalai Lama has issued many proclamations and orders, and began to implement the "New deal" in Tibet, introducing politics, economy, military, and education. Social services and other aspects of the reform of the old policy measures. Although the "New deal" carried out by the 13th Dalai Lama in Tibet aimed at resisting and preventing foreign enemies from invading and consolidating the regime of political and religious unity, it objectively promoted the political, economic, cultural and social development of Tibet. Tibet has been transformed to a modern society. In order to implement these New deal measures more effectively in Tibet, Gaxia has set up some new institutions one after another. For example: Tibetan Army headquarters, Zaxi Electric Machinery Factory, Salt and Tea Bureau, Agricultural Affairs Bureau, Medical Calendar Bureau, military Grain Bureau, Public funds Audit Bureau, Grain Collection and tax Inspection Bureau, Ma Bureau of investigation, Post Office, Telegraph and telephone Bureau, Bank, Foreign Affairs Bureau, etc. The former Tibetan local government institutions were gradually perfected to adapt to the political, economic, military and other aspects of development after the establishment of Gandan Po-chang regime. But the introduction of the New deal, from the regime point of view, Tibet has since changed the traditional form of political power in Kaxia. The establishment of the new organization has changed the local official system in Tibet to varying degrees. The increase of the new institutions reflects the progress in keeping with the trend of the times and can be regarded as the beginning of the modernization of the local system in Tibet. This paper is divided into three chapters to introduce and analyze some problems of the new mechanism. In the first chapter, the author analyzes the background at home and abroad before the establishment of the new institution and the special situation in Tibet in order to understand the necessity of the establishment of these institutions by the 13th Dalai Lama in the "New deal" and the inevitability of the establishment of these institutions. In the second chapter, the author introduces in detail the founding years of each new institution, discriminates and analyzes some of the institutions' founding years, and summarizes the characteristics of these institutions. At the same time, the relationship between these new institutions and the relationship between the existing institutions and the new ones is also analyzed. In the third chapter, from the perspective of the development and influence of the new institution, the author analyzes some institutions which have great influence on the "New deal", and the causes of the contradiction between the upper class of the Tibetan society and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D693
本文編號：2312706
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, the political situation in the interior was turbulent, and the local politics of Tibet was no exception. Since 1913, the 13th Dalai Lama has issued many proclamations and orders, and began to implement the "New deal" in Tibet, introducing politics, economy, military, and education. Social services and other aspects of the reform of the old policy measures. Although the "New deal" carried out by the 13th Dalai Lama in Tibet aimed at resisting and preventing foreign enemies from invading and consolidating the regime of political and religious unity, it objectively promoted the political, economic, cultural and social development of Tibet. Tibet has been transformed to a modern society. In order to implement these New deal measures more effectively in Tibet, Gaxia has set up some new institutions one after another. For example: Tibetan Army headquarters, Zaxi Electric Machinery Factory, Salt and Tea Bureau, Agricultural Affairs Bureau, Medical Calendar Bureau, military Grain Bureau, Public funds Audit Bureau, Grain Collection and tax Inspection Bureau, Ma Bureau of investigation, Post Office, Telegraph and telephone Bureau, Bank, Foreign Affairs Bureau, etc. The former Tibetan local government institutions were gradually perfected to adapt to the political, economic, military and other aspects of development after the establishment of Gandan Po-chang regime. But the introduction of the New deal, from the regime point of view, Tibet has since changed the traditional form of political power in Kaxia. The establishment of the new organization has changed the local official system in Tibet to varying degrees. The increase of the new institutions reflects the progress in keeping with the trend of the times and can be regarded as the beginning of the modernization of the local system in Tibet. This paper is divided into three chapters to introduce and analyze some problems of the new mechanism. In the first chapter, the author analyzes the background at home and abroad before the establishment of the new institution and the special situation in Tibet in order to understand the necessity of the establishment of these institutions by the 13th Dalai Lama in the "New deal" and the inevitability of the establishment of these institutions. In the second chapter, the author introduces in detail the founding years of each new institution, discriminates and analyzes some of the institutions' founding years, and summarizes the characteristics of these institutions. At the same time, the relationship between these new institutions and the relationship between the existing institutions and the new ones is also analyzed. In the third chapter, from the perspective of the development and influence of the new institution, the author analyzes some institutions which have great influence on the "New deal", and the causes of the contradiction between the upper class of the Tibetan society and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D693
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