【摘要】：“禹之治水,水之道也,是故禹以四海為壑。今吾子以鄰國(guó)為壑。水逆行,謂之洚水,洚水者,洪水也,仁人之所惡也�！边@便是《孟子》中,“以鄰為壑”一詞的由來(lái)。然而,如今,在工業(yè)社會(huì)的中國(guó),“以鄰為壑”正在演繹一個(gè)新的版本,即“以鄰避設(shè)施為壑”,并由此延伸出一系列轟轟烈烈的鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)。 自2007年的廈門PX項(xiàng)目事件中出現(xiàn)的百萬(wàn)群眾聚集廈門街頭“散步”算起,六年來(lái),鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)在我國(guó)從未終止過(guò),甚至有愈演愈烈的態(tài)勢(shì)。理論上講,公民通過(guò)參加社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的利益訴求是一件正當(dāng)合理的事情,也是我國(guó)政治開放性包容性不斷增強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)。但是當(dāng)前我國(guó)的鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)卻陷入了“設(shè)施建設(shè)——鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)——設(shè)施停建(遷址)”的“中國(guó)式鄰避困境”。哪里有鄰避項(xiàng)目,哪里就發(fā)生鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)。一個(gè)地區(qū)的民眾在鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)中的勝利,往往會(huì)鼓勵(lì)另一個(gè)地區(qū)的民眾在鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)中的策略選擇和行為方式�？梢灶A(yù)見,照此模式發(fā)展下去,任何具有負(fù)效應(yīng)的設(shè)施和項(xiàng)目都將無(wú)落腳之處。 本文基于當(dāng)前我國(guó)鄰避抗?fàn)庍^(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的“中國(guó)式鄰避困境”,在眾多學(xué)者研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)借鑒西方的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)理論,構(gòu)建了一個(gè)鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)的分析模型,即在“變遷、話語(yǔ)和結(jié)構(gòu)”三大要素的指引下,從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、科技、心理等多方面探析當(dāng)前我國(guó)鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)因,從“組織和網(wǎng)絡(luò)、空間環(huán)境、國(guó)家行為方式、情感、文化、媒體報(bào)道”等多方面分析運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)員結(jié)構(gòu)、話語(yǔ)策略和行動(dòng)策略,進(jìn)而考察我國(guó)鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中互動(dòng)的雙方——鄰避的參與者和政府部門的應(yīng)對(duì)者——行為的不足之處。最后,在借鑒西方社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)策略的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國(guó)當(dāng)期鄰避運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)例,提出了從民主政治建設(shè)、政權(quán)合法性建設(shè)、民眾情感建設(shè)和公民社會(huì)建設(shè)四大方面,提出暢通群眾表達(dá)渠道,重視公民參與；改善國(guó)家——社會(huì)關(guān)系,鞏固政權(quán)合法性；分類處理事件,重視民眾情感；壯大公民社會(huì),充分發(fā)揮NGO作用等治理之策。
[Abstract]:"Yu's governance of the water, the way of water, is Yu to the world as a beggar. My son is a neighbour. Water goes retrograde, that is to say, it causes water to flow, and floods also mean evil to people. " This is the origin of the word "beggar-thy-neighbour" in Mencius. Today, however, in industrial China, beggar-thy-neighbour is interpreting a new version of "beggar-thy-neighbour facilities", which extends a series of vigorous neighboring avoidance movements. Since the event of PX project in Xiamen in 2007, millions of people gathered in Xiamen streets to "walk", in the past six years, the neighboring avoidance movement in China has never stopped, or even intensified. Theoretically, it is a legitimate and reasonable thing for citizens to realize their interests by participating in social movements, and it is also the manifestation of increasing political openness and inclusiveness in our country. But at present, our country's neighboring avoidance movement is caught in the "Chinese style neighbor avoidance", which is "facility construction-neighbor avoidance movement-facility stopping construction (relocation)". Where there is an adjacent avoidance event, there will be a neighborhood avoidance movement. The victory of people in one region in neighborhood avoidance often encourages people in another region to choose strategies and behaviors in neighborhood avoidance. Predictably, under this model, any facilities and projects with negative effects will have no foothold. Based on the "Chinese style of neighbor avoidance" in the process of adjoining resistance in our country, and on the basis of many scholars' research, this paper constructs an analytical model of adjacent avoidance movement by drawing lessons from the western social movement theory, that is, "vicissitude". Under the guidance of the three major elements of discourse and structure, this paper explores the causes of the current movement of neighborhood avoidance in China from the political, economic, social, scientific and technological, psychological, and other aspects, from the perspective of "organization and network, spatial environment, state behavior, emotion, culture," etc. Media reports, and other aspects, analyze the mobilization structure, discourse strategies and action strategies of the movement, and then investigate the shortcomings of the interaction between the two sides in the process of the adversarial movement in our country, namely, the participants of the neighboring avoidance and the responders of the government departments. Finally, on the basis of referring to the coping strategies of the western social movements and combining with the examples of the current neighboring movement in our country, this paper puts forward four aspects: the construction of democratic politics, the construction of the legitimacy of political power, the construction of public emotion and the construction of civil society. To put forward unimpeded channels of mass expression and attach importance to citizen participation; To improve the state-social relations, to consolidate the legitimacy of the regime, to deal with events in a classified manner, to attach importance to the feelings of the people, to strengthen the civil society, and to give full play to the role of NGO, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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