【摘要】：在人類生存和發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,能源毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是其重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),因此能源成為當(dāng)今世界政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、外交等所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)也是必然的。但是隨著一次能源的不斷消耗,其儲(chǔ)量也越來(lái)越少,如今全世界各個(gè)國(guó)家都越來(lái)越重視對(duì)可再生能源的研究開(kāi)發(fā),以此來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)正在不斷加重的能源危機(jī)問(wèn)題�？稍偕茉淳褪侵赋顺Ｒ�(guī)能源外在自然界中可以不斷再生、持續(xù)利用、取之不盡、用之不竭的能源資源,它包括風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能、生物質(zhì)能、地?zé)崮堋⒑Ｑ竽艿饶茉促Y源。其中風(fēng)能的優(yōu)勢(shì)非常之大,比如巨大的儲(chǔ)量、應(yīng)用技術(shù)相對(duì)成熟、比較低廉的成本、簡(jiǎn)單的利用過(guò)程和污染問(wèn)題很少等特點(diǎn),這便使風(fēng)能在眾多可再生能源中脫穎而出。在風(fēng)力機(jī)將風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能的過(guò)程中,受風(fēng)力作用而旋轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)輪是其最主要的部件,因此根據(jù)風(fēng)輪的結(jié)構(gòu)及其在氣流中的位置我們通常把風(fēng)力機(jī)分為兩大類：水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)和垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)。水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)是傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)力機(jī)機(jī)型,技術(shù)相比于垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)要成熟,生產(chǎn)批量大,已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今風(fēng)力機(jī)的主流機(jī)型。但由于其種種先天性的不足(如啟動(dòng)風(fēng)速高、工作噪音大、抗風(fēng)能力差等),使得其進(jìn)一步的開(kāi)發(fā)受到了抑制,而垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)卻具有啟動(dòng)風(fēng)速低,氣動(dòng)噪音小,受風(fēng)性能更好的特點(diǎn),因此人們開(kāi)始把注意力逐漸聚焦到垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)身上,各國(guó)的風(fēng)電研究者也正在努力研制更多新形式的垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)。在對(duì)垂直軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的研發(fā)改進(jìn)過(guò)程中,我們一直以使其能更好的利用風(fēng)能資源為目標(biāo),因此風(fēng)力機(jī)輸出功率的多少便成為我們比較關(guān)注的問(wèn)題了。綜上所述,本文應(yīng)用了計(jì)算流體方面的相關(guān)知識(shí),針對(duì)小型垂直軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)平均功率的計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了研究分析。 首先,對(duì)有關(guān)垂直軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的概念以及與其功率計(jì)算相關(guān)的基本理論進(jìn)行了論述,在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用計(jì)算流體理論并結(jié)合Matlab軟件編程計(jì)算的方法,來(lái)對(duì)小型垂直軸阻力S型風(fēng)力機(jī)的平均功率進(jìn)行具體的計(jì)算,并得到了比較準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果。并在計(jì)算分析的過(guò)程中提出了計(jì)算垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)功率的具體方法及其計(jì)算所要用到的相關(guān)計(jì)算公式,根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果得出了風(fēng)速分別與平均功率、風(fēng)能利用系數(shù)之間的關(guān)系曲線。 然后,應(yīng)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件／ANSYS Fluent對(duì)垂直軸回旋式阻力型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的功率進(jìn)行了模擬計(jì)算。對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)進(jìn)行二維模型簡(jiǎn)化,并完成流場(chǎng)網(wǎng)格的劃分,設(shè)定邊界條件具體賦值,開(kāi)始模擬計(jì)算。在計(jì)算過(guò)程中對(duì)殘差和葉片受到的力矩系數(shù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),得到殘差曲線和轉(zhuǎn)矩監(jiān)測(cè)曲線。得到具體扭矩?cái)?shù)值M,根據(jù)功率計(jì)算公式就可得理論值平均功率P。 最后,為驗(yàn)證上述應(yīng)用Fluent軟件對(duì)垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)功率模擬計(jì)算的正確性,設(shè)計(jì)組裝了一套功率檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)來(lái)對(duì)已有風(fēng)力機(jī)進(jìn)行動(dòng)率檢測(cè),通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)測(cè)量收集風(fēng)力機(jī)的功率數(shù)值,并與計(jì)算機(jī)模擬計(jì)算的結(jié)果做對(duì)比,從而驗(yàn)證模擬計(jì)算風(fēng)力機(jī)功率的方法的正確性。經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了以上方法是正確可行的。
[Abstract]:In the course of human existence and development, energy is undoubtedly an important material base, so energy becomes the focus of the world politics, economy, military, diplomacy and so on. But with the constant consumption of geothermal energy and fewer reserves, the world's countries are increasingly paying more and more attention to renewable energy research and development to address the ongoing energy crisis. Renewable energy refers to energy resources such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy, in addition to the conventional energy sources, which can be regenerated continuously, continuously utilized and inexhaustible. The advantage of wind energy is very large, such as huge reserves, relatively mature application technology, low cost, simple utilization process and little pollution problem, which makes wind energy stand out in many renewable energy sources. In the process of converting wind energy into mechanical energy by wind turbine, wind wheel rotating by wind force is the main component of wind turbine. Therefore, according to the structure of wind wheel and its position in airflow, the wind turbine is divided into two main categories: horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical axis wind turbine. The horizontal axis wind turbine is a traditional wind turbine model. Compared with the vertical axis wind turbine, the horizontal axis wind turbine is mature, the production batch is large, and it has become the mainstream model of the wind turbine of the present day. However, because of its congenital insufficiency (such as high wind speed, large work noise, poor wind resistance, etc.), the development of the vertical axis wind turbine is restrained, and the vertical axis wind turbine has the characteristics of low starting wind speed, small pneumatic noise and better wind performance. So people are beginning to focus their attention on vertical-axis wind turbines, and wind-wind researchers in countries are working to develop more new forms of vertical-axis wind turbines. In the development and improvement of vertical axis wind driven generator, we have always made it possible to make use of wind energy resources as the target, so the output power of wind turbine has become a concern of us. To sum up, this paper applies the related knowledge of computational fluid, and studies the calculation method of the average power of the small vertical axis wind power generator. Firstly, the concept of the vertical axis wind driven generator and the basic theory related to its power calculation are discussed. On the basis of this, the computational fluid theory is used and programmed with Matlab software. In this paper, the average power of the small vertical-axis resistance S-type wind turbine is calculated, and it is more accurate. As a result, a specific method for calculating the power of the vertical axis wind turbine and its calculation formula are presented in the course of the calculation and analysis. The relation between the wind speed and the average power and the wind energy utilization coefficient is obtained according to the calculation result. Then, the power of the vertical-axis rotary drag-type wind-driven generator is calculated by using CFD software/ ANSYS Fluent. The two-dimensional model of the wind turbine is simplified, the division of the flow field grid is completed, the boundary conditions are set, The moment coefficient of the residual and the blade is monitored during the calculation to obtain the residual curve and the rotation. Moment monitoring curve. The specific torque value M is obtained, and the theoretical value can be obtained according to the power calculation formula. Finally, in order to verify the correctness of the above-mentioned Fluent software for vertical axis wind turbine power simulation, a set of power detection system was designed and assembled for the existing wind. The power value of the wind turbine is measured by experiments, and compared with the result of computer simulation, the calculation and calculation of the wind turbine's work is verified. The correctness of the method is verified by the experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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