本文選題：改革開放 + 臺球�。� 參考：《北京體育大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來我國臺球運動作為“非奧項目”中成功的代表,在我國體育中占有重要地位。演進鮮有從“運動單項”視角進行的研究,對臺球的各類研究也不多見。與我國大歷史近乎同步的臺球運動,在自身規(guī)律和政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的作用下,呈現(xiàn)出獨特的演變軌跡。該研究是一份梳理、記錄臺球的史料；有利于增進社會對其的理解,拓展臺球自身文化空間；有利于為臺球在學校教育、競技體育、大眾體育等方面的發(fā)展提供可行性的參考及依據(jù)；更有利于給其他“非奧項目”以啟示。本文利用文獻資料法、訪談法、專家問卷調(diào)查法等研究方法,對改革開放以來我國臺球運動的演進進行了全面分析和研究,結(jié)論如下：1.改革開放以來臺球運動的演進,以天鵝賓館邀請賽和自創(chuàng)臺球桌為興起契機,呈現(xiàn)出了萌芽性、舶來性和主動性的特征及規(guī)律；隨著中臺協(xié)成立和央視直播健牌杯等標志性的“第一次”,大眾-俱樂部、器材-賽事、學校的這一良性發(fā)展循環(huán)被打開,進入快速發(fā)展期。也開始走向制度化、項目分化、形象異化的軌道；職業(yè)化至丁俊暉奪冠之前,無論是競技賽事、大眾賽事,還是球館、球具,雖出現(xiàn)了一些逆流,但演進中呈現(xiàn)出的徘徊與前進,排斥與融合仍是當時的主導特點；丁俊暉的明星效應是臺球大繁榮的原動力。爆發(fā)式增長背后,是泡沫經(jīng)濟、土洋之爭等問題；2012年后,五站斯諾克排名賽落戶中國,中國成為世界臺球的又一中心。這一階段是理性、深入發(fā)展期,在平衡壟斷與發(fā)展中,整個運動趨向成熟。2.我國臺球競技體育呈現(xiàn)出從興起、規(guī)范化、地區(qū)化到職業(yè)化、專業(yè)化再到爆發(fā)式增長、擴張最后到國際化的流變軌跡；大眾體育則展現(xiàn)出從探索、原創(chuàng)到低質(zhì)量快速發(fā)展、遇冷求變再到普及化、全民化最后平穩(wěn)過渡到融合化、多樣化的漸變路徑；學校教育方面,表現(xiàn)出從前瞻性地試探、摸索逐漸到正視、接納再到迅速普及、引入最后到流行并加以鞏固的演進規(guī)律。這三條線路,既獨立存在,又在特定階段同步、交互,共同勾勒出改革開放以來我國臺球運動的嬗變軌跡。3.通過審視這一演進,得出啟示：更好地發(fā)展需統(tǒng)一子項目與規(guī)則；充分重視本土明星；非奧項目要多與社會資本合作,以大眾體育為突破口；新興項目引入,要主動簡化、本土化；運動項目應主動尋求跨界；項目引進前充分考慮自身條件、國情等內(nèi)外部因素；體育項目觀賞性與參與性應分開對待；避免低質(zhì)量的快速發(fā)展；運動發(fā)展離不開在高校的推廣普及。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, billiards in our country as a successful representative of "non-Olympic events", play an important role in China's sports. There are few researches on the evolution from the angle of individual sport, and there are few researches on billiards. The billiards movement, which is nearly synchronized with the great history of our country, shows a unique evolution track under the action of its own law, politics, economy and culture. This research is a combing, recording the history of billiards; it is beneficial to enhance the understanding of the society, expand the cultural space of billiards; it is conducive to billiards in school education, competitive sports, The development of mass sports and other aspects of the reference and basis for the feasibility of other "non-Olympic projects" to enlighten. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis and research on the evolution of billiards in China since the reform and opening up by using the methods of literature, interview and expert questionnaire. The conclusion is as follows: 1. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, the evolution of billiards has taken the swan hotel invitational match and the self-made billiards table as the rising opportunity, showing the characteristics and rules of germination, import and initiative. With the establishment of the China-Taiwan Association and CCTV live broadcast of the "first time", mass-club, equipment-event, the school's virtuous cycle of development has been opened, into a period of rapid development. Also began to go to the track of institutionalization, project differentiation, image alienation; professionalization until the Ding Junhui won the title, whether it was a competitive event, a mass competition, or a stadium, a golf kit, although there was some counter-current. However, the dominant characteristics of the evolution are lingering and advancing, exclusion and fusion, and the star effect of Ding Junhui is the driving force of billiards prosperity. Behind the explosive growth are the bubble economy, the battle between the mainland and the foreign countries; after 2012, five snooker rankings settled in China, and China became another center of billiards in the world. This stage is rational, in-depth development period, in the balance of monopoly and development, the whole movement tends to mature. 2. China's billiards competitive sports show a rheological trajectory from rise, standardization, regionalization to professionalization, specialization to explosive growth, expansion to internationalization; mass sports show a rapid development from exploration, originality to low quality. In the case of cold change and popularization, the final smooth transition of the whole people to integration, diversification of the path of gradual change; school education, showing from a forward-looking trial, groping gradually to face up to face, acceptance and then rapid popularization, The law of evolution that is introduced and consolidated at the end of the day. These three lines exist independently, synchronize and interact at a specific stage, and together outline the evolution track of billiards movement in China since the reform and opening up. By examining this evolution, we can draw inspiration: better development requires unifying subprojects and rules; giving full attention to local stars; non-Olympic projects should work more with social capital, taking mass sports as a breakthrough; and new projects should be introduced to take the initiative to simplify, Localization; sports should actively seek to cross the border; before the introduction of the project fully consider their own conditions, national conditions and other internal and external factors, sports appreciation and participation should be treated separately, to avoid the rapid development of low quality; Sports development can not be separated from the popularization of colleges and universities.
【學位授予單位】：北京體育大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G893

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