本文選題：國家治理現(xiàn)代化 + 鄉(xiāng)村精英�。� 參考：《浙江財經大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,隨著中國城市化進程的不斷加快和深入,鄉(xiāng)村的優(yōu)質資源不斷向城市集聚,最為顯性的是大量青壯年農村人口進城務工或經商。本來就處于弱質端的鄉(xiāng)村不僅面臨現(xiàn)實的凋敝,更深遠地看,隱藏在外出務工大潮背后的鄉(xiāng)村精英流失問題使得鄉(xiāng)村治理缺人、缺錢、缺發(fā)展后勁,農村人才“空心化”嚴重制約鄉(xiāng)村自身治理水平的提高,鄉(xiāng)村建設與發(fā)展遭遇嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。當前我國農村占國土面積達70%,黨的十八屆三中全會提出國家治理現(xiàn)代化的深化改革總目標,鄉(xiāng)村治理作為國家治理不可或缺的重要一環(huán),鄉(xiāng)村治理水平是關乎國家長治久安的重大政治問題,國家的穩(wěn)定、存續(xù)和發(fā)展離不開鄉(xiāng)村的有序治理,鄉(xiāng)村治理水平決定著國家治理現(xiàn)代化的進程,所以實現(xiàn)國家治理能力和治理體系的現(xiàn)代化必須依賴鄉(xiāng)村治理水平的提高。鑒于此,無論是學界還是地方政府都首先應該正視鄉(xiāng)村精英的流失,進而思考鄉(xiāng)村精英再造問題。鄉(xiāng)村精英流失主要體現(xiàn)為這一群體數(shù)量的快速萎縮,質量的明顯下降,以及“新老斷層,青黃不接”的人才補給困境。這既是市場經濟作用的結果,作為市場要素的自由勞動力自然流向城市;更體現(xiàn)了鄉(xiāng)村社會環(huán)境留不住人才的真實現(xiàn)狀,且深層次可以發(fā)現(xiàn)是國家的一系列體制的失靈與不公正。具體來說,城鄉(xiāng)“二元”體制造就城鄉(xiāng)的巨大差別,資源配比不均衡,城市在基礎設施、公共服務、文化生活、教育資源等公共福利方面優(yōu)勢更有吸引力;在勞動分配體制上,城鄉(xiāng)收入分配結構不合理,鄉(xiāng)村賺錢機會不多,鄉(xiāng)村精英理性選擇必然向城市單向流動;當前教育體制與鄉(xiāng)村生產實踐的脫節(jié)導致從農村走出去的中青年傾向于在城市就業(yè);在非體制成因層面,鄉(xiāng)村經濟利益導向顯著,農村居民心存自卑感,鄉(xiāng)村傳統(tǒng)道德遭到城市文明沖擊,鄉(xiāng)村文化凝聚力下降等�？v觀中國鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展史,鄉(xiāng)村精英在鄉(xiāng)村政治、經濟、文化、社會等各項事業(yè)發(fā)展中都扮演著“領頭羊”角色,鄉(xiāng)村精英的存在關乎鄉(xiāng)村的繁榮與發(fā)展,更塑造了區(qū)別于西方鄉(xiāng)村治理模式的中國特色。作為以關系為本位的中國鄉(xiāng)村,鄉(xiāng)村精英的存在不僅可以進一步發(fā)揮國家治理體系的制度功效,還可優(yōu)化國家制度執(zhí)行的社會環(huán)境和執(zhí)行效果。實現(xiàn)國家治理的現(xiàn)代化,鄉(xiāng)村精英的歷史使命任重道遠,提升鄉(xiāng)村治理水平必須再造鄉(xiāng)村精英。本研究認為,應秉持“回流、外引和內培”的思路謀劃鄉(xiāng)村精英再造的可行路徑,具體包括五個方面。第一,調整戶籍體制。為了保證精英回歸之后能夠獲得必要的生產生活資料,一方面要破除城鄉(xiāng)二元戶籍體制障礙,統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)戶籍制度;另一方面要明晰財產所有權,為生產要素入市交易提供法律保障。第二,完善人才政策。農村籍大中專生不愿回鄉(xiāng)謀求發(fā)展,一方面是未來職業(yè)發(fā)展空間和方向不清晰,另一方面是基層工作的付出與待遇失調導致生活壓力大。針對此類情形,應完善人才政策,給予明確預期,提高工資待遇等,吸引農村籍大中專生回鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)。第三,提高鄉(xiāng)村生活品質。鄉(xiāng)村之所以留不住人才,一則是因為農村基礎設施和公共服務的不完善與鄉(xiāng)村精英乃至廣大外出務工群體對高質量的生活追求相悖,其更深層原因是本地缺乏工作機會,收入不能令人滿意。針對此類情形,應進一步縮小城鄉(xiāng)生活品質差距,大力發(fā)展繁榮縣域經濟,以達到吸引外流精英回歸的目的。第四,通過權力知識化,探索新鄉(xiāng)紳的塑造路徑。一方面,鄉(xiāng)村精英群體可以適當吸納部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)公務員,塑造新時期的“鄉(xiāng)紳”角色;另一方面,返聘從農村走出來的已退休社會名流加盟鄉(xiāng)村建設,豐富鄉(xiāng)村精英的角色和功能。第五,強化對鄉(xiāng)村的認同。應著重從三個方面入手,第一,強化程序和規(guī)則意識,普及公平和公正觀念;第二,堅守核心價值,重塑鄉(xiāng)村義利觀;第三,改善鄉(xiāng)村凋敝圖景,打造宜居環(huán)境贏取回歸意愿。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the continuous acceleration and deepening of the process of urbanization in China, the country's high quality resources are constantly gathering in the city. The most dominant is that a large number of young and young rural population go to work or business in cities. The countryside, which is in the weak end, is not only faced with the decline of reality, but also a far more profound view, hidden in the countryside behind the tide of migrant work. The problem of village elite loss makes rural governance lack of human, lack of money and lack of development. The "hollow" of rural talents seriously restricts the improvement of rural self governance, and the rural construction and development are facing severe challenges. China's rural area accounts for 70% of the country's land area. In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the party has put forward a general goal of deepening the modernization of national governance. Rural governance is an important part of national governance. The level of rural governance is a major political problem related to the long-term stability of the country. The stability, continuity and development of the country can not be separated from the orderly governance of the country. The level of rural governance determines the course of the modernization of the state governance, so the national governance and governance system can be realized. Modernization must depend on the improvement of the level of rural governance. In view of this, both the academic and local governments should first face the loss of the rural elite, and then think about the problem of the reengineering of the rural elite. The loss of the rural elite is mainly reflected in the rapid decline in the number of the group, the obvious decline in the quality, and the "new and old faults, and the old and old faults." This is the result of the supply of talents. This is the result of the role of the market economy. As a market factor, the free labor force flows naturally to the city; it also embodies the real situation of the rural social environment, and the deep level can be found to be the failure and injustice of a series of systems in the country. In particular, the urban and rural "two yuan" body is made in urban and rural areas. The huge difference in the proportion of resources is not balanced, the city is more attractive in the public welfare aspects such as infrastructure, public service, cultural life and educational resources. In the labor distribution system, the distribution structure of urban and rural income distribution is unreasonable, the opportunity of making money in rural areas is not much, the rational choice of rural elite is bound to flow to the city, and the current educational system and The disjunction of rural production practice leads to the tendency of the young and middle-aged people going out from the countryside to the urban employment; in the non institutional cause, the rural economic interests are obviously oriented, the rural residents have a sense of inferiority, the rural traditional morality is impacted by the urban civilization, the rural cultural cohesion is falling, and so on. Governance, economic, cultural, social and other undertakings play the role of "leader". The existence of the rural elite is related to the prosperity and development of the countryside. It also shapes the Chinese characteristics which is different from the western rural governance model. As a relationship based country, the existence of the rural elite can not only give full play to the state governance. The system efficiency of the system can also optimize the social environment and implementation effect of the national system. To realize the modernization of the national governance, the historical mission of the rural elite is long, and the rural elite must be rebuilt to improve the level of rural governance. This study holds that the way of "reflux, external and internal culture" should be held to plan the way of the reengineering of the country's elite. Diameter, including five aspects. First, adjust the household registration system. In order to ensure the necessary production and life information after the elites return, on the one hand, we should break down the barriers of the two yuan household registration system in urban and rural areas and co-ordinate the household registration system in urban and rural areas; on the other hand, the property ownership should be clarifying, and the legal guarantee for the entry of production factors into the market is provided. Second, perfect people. The rural secondary school students are reluctant to return to their hometown for development. On the one hand, the future career development space and direction are not clear. On the other hand, the pay and treatment imbalance of the grass-roots work leads to great pressure of life. In this case, we should improve the talent policy, give clear expectations, raise wages and so on, and attract the rural secondary school students to return home. Employment. Third, improve the quality of life in the country. The reason why the countryside can't keep the talent is because the rural infrastructure and the poor public service are inconsistent with the high quality life pursuit of the rural elite and the majority of the migrant workers. The deeper reason is that the local lack of job opportunities and income is not satisfactory. We should further narrow the gap between urban and rural life quality, vigorously develop and flourish the county economy so as to achieve the purpose of attracting the return of the outflow elite. Fourth, through the knowledge of power, explore the path of shaping the new gentry. On the one hand, the rural elite group can appropriately absorb some township civil servants and shape the "gentry" role in the new period; on the other hand, return to the country. The retired social celebrities from the countryside have joined the rural construction to enrich the role and function of the rural elite. Fifth, strengthen the identity of the countryside. We should focus on three aspects, first, strengthen the awareness of procedures and rules, popularize the concept of fairness and impartiality; second, adhere to the core value, reshape the concept of rural righteousness and benefit; third, improve the country withering. My view is to create a livable environment and win a return.

【學位授予單位】：浙江財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D422.6

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 王慧;祝蘇東;付少平;;鄉(xiāng)村精英博弈與鄉(xiāng)村民主的發(fā)展[J];山東農業(yè)大學學報(社會科學版);2007年02期

2 王中標;;“鄉(xiāng)村精英”發(fā)揮作用的制約因素及對策[J];特區(qū)經濟;2007年10期

3 陳肖生;;20世紀90年代以來關于鄉(xiāng)村精英與村民自治研究的文獻綜述[J];理論與改革;2008年02期

4 張登國;任慧穎;;當代中國鄉(xiāng)村精英治理:局限與可能[J];理論學刊;2008年07期

5 王瑋;;鄉(xiāng)村精英調查報告——基于安徽省Z村的實地調研[J];法制與社會;2012年14期

6 項輝,周俊麟;鄉(xiāng)村精英格局的歷史演變及現(xiàn)狀——“土地制度—國家控制力”因素之分析[J];中共浙江省委黨校學報;2001年05期

7 姚俊;蘇南鄉(xiāng)村精英流向城市現(xiàn)象考察——江蘇揚中個案調查資料的定性分析[J];青年研究;2004年04期

8 熊衛(wèi)松;鄉(xiāng)村精英政治參與挫折感分析[J];河北科技大學學報(社會科學版);2004年02期

9 蔡楊;;免稅時代鄉(xiāng)村精英的流動與權力競爭——湖北省C鎮(zhèn)X村調查及選舉觀察[J];學習與實踐;2006年03期

10 陳朋;;制度障礙、鄉(xiāng)村精英與村務公開——鄂中地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村調查與反思[J];前沿;2006年07期

相關會議論文 前1條

1 郝錦花;;清末民初鄉(xiāng)村精英離鄉(xiāng)的“新學”教育原因淺析[A];華北鄉(xiāng)村史學術研討會論文集[C];2001年

相關重要報紙文章 前7條

1 本報記者 夏靜 光明網(wǎng)記者 張晶;保護養(yǎng)育鄉(xiāng)村精英的土壤[N];光明日報;2014年

2 曲阜師范大學社會主義新農村建設理論研究中心 張英魁邋李兆祥 孫迪亮;重視鄉(xiāng)村精英在新農村建設中的作用[N];光明日報;2008年

3 黃博 劉祖云 南京農業(yè)大學公共管理學院;“鄉(xiāng)村精英”:一個無法回避的詞匯[N];中國社會科學報;2011年

4 趙世瑜;關注鄉(xiāng)村,就是關注中國[N];光明日報;2006年

5 孫秀林 上海大學中國社會轉型與社會組織研究中心 上海大學社會學系;中國鄉(xiāng)村精英角色定位的時代轉換[N];中國社會科學報;2010年

6 本報特約記者 邢霞 整理;鄉(xiāng)規(guī)民約向更開放的空間敞開[N];社會科學報;2014年

7 上海社會科學院 臧得順;警惕“謀地型鄉(xiāng)村精英”的崛起[N];社會科學報;2013年

相關碩士學位論文 前10條

1 鐘亦佳;鄉(xiāng)村精英治理的制約及對策研究[D];南昌大學;2013年

2 陳白雪;西村的故事[D];西北農林科技大學;2015年

3 曲翠潔;當代中國鄉(xiāng)村精英的政治歸屬問題研究[D];曲阜師范大學;2015年

4 韋峗;社會管理創(chuàng)新視域下鄉(xiāng)村精英責任研究[D];廣西大學;2015年

5 徐明;鄉(xiāng)村精英社會關系網(wǎng)絡對鄉(xiāng)村治理的影響[D];浙江工商大學;2015年

6 王葳;基于國家治理現(xiàn)代化的鄉(xiāng)村精英流失與再造研究[D];浙江財經大學;2015年

7 祝蘇東;村莊場域中精英關系格局的實證研究[D];西北農林科技大學;2008年

8 李燕;鄉(xiāng)村精英的形成條件與模式研究[D];西北農林科技大學;2008年

9 張莊莊;村民自治導向下的鄉(xiāng)村精英治理模式研究[D];山東大學;2009年

10 張義烈;鄉(xiāng)村精英與農村社區(qū)發(fā)展[D];廣西師范大學;2005年

，

本文編號：1880213