本文選題：《字林西報(bào)》　切入點(diǎn)：運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)　出處：《成都體育學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無論是舊上海還是新時(shí)期的大上海,其在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化上的光芒矚目程度都是首屈一指的。即便是舊中國(guó)的上海,發(fā)展也最快速,作為近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)西學(xué)東漸時(shí)期開放最早的商埠,以上海為據(jù)點(diǎn)發(fā)行刊印的報(bào)紙也是近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)發(fā)展和接納西方思想最真實(shí)最前沿的寫照,在其社會(huì)、文化、生活、政治等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中,無疑起著某種開創(chuàng)和引領(lǐng)作用�！蹲至治鲌�(bào)》就是誕生于這一時(shí)期,《字林西報(bào)》1850年創(chuàng)刊于上海,更名前是《北華捷報(bào)》,截止1951年3月,《字林西報(bào)》停刊,前后歷經(jīng)101年。在101年的歷史長(zhǎng)廊中,《字林西報(bào)》是廣大華夏土地上的人民歷經(jīng)數(shù)百年的痛苦、屈辱和掙扎的見證者,它目睹了無數(shù)華夏人民數(shù)百年的抗?fàn)幒蛫^起反擊。100年的滄桑歲月里,在西學(xué)東漸的歷史過程中,西方文化的標(biāo)志性符號(hào):新式體育逐漸滲透到中華文明的軀體里成為了中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的重要組成部分,也于此時(shí)深深嵌入到中國(guó)人的記憶當(dāng)中。如果你翻看一頁(yè)頁(yè)歷史的卷宗,俯瞰中國(guó)歷史的長(zhǎng)河會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)《字林西報(bào)》是某一標(biāo)志性時(shí)期的親歷者,它記錄了西方新式體育被國(guó)人認(rèn)識(shí)、發(fā)現(xiàn)、接納到傳播和學(xué)習(xí)的整個(gè)過程。翻看發(fā)黃的《字林西報(bào)》報(bào)卷,一頁(yè)頁(yè)體育新聞報(bào)道,記錄了當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)體育新聞傳播的圖景,中國(guó)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加各種賽事的場(chǎng)景仍然歷歷在目:一望無際的黃浦江邊,一個(gè)個(gè)身強(qiáng)體壯激情四射的青年們?cè)诓偶淤愸R比賽;上海租界區(qū)新式學(xué)堂內(nèi),莘莘學(xué)子們?cè)谡R規(guī)范的操練西式體操;田徑、足球、跳遠(yuǎn)等現(xiàn)代競(jìng)技比賽運(yùn)動(dòng)把中國(guó)最早的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們靈活矯健的身姿刻寫的真真切切,一切都宛如昨日。細(xì)細(xì)翻看報(bào)紙,這發(fā)黃的報(bào)刊中記錄了從1850年創(chuàng)刊到1951年�？�,近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)體育新聞傳播的每個(gè)階段和時(shí)期,也清晰的看到了歷史的腳步如何一步步走進(jìn)近現(xiàn)代的大上海。再將其與同時(shí)期的《申報(bào)》、《大公報(bào)》等作比較后發(fā)現(xiàn)《字林西報(bào)》與《申報(bào)》報(bào)道內(nèi)容的發(fā)展幾乎同步,與《字林西報(bào)》新聞事業(yè)的發(fā)展基本同步,與近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)體育事業(yè)傳播的發(fā)展基本同步,可以劃分為四個(gè)階段:起步期、過渡期、平穩(wěn)期和動(dòng)蕩期。100年里,《字林西報(bào)》關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的體育報(bào)道發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,在其非常顯著的變化過程中最明顯的就是報(bào)道內(nèi)容不斷走向完美,對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的塑造更加全面和形象,不斷接近于現(xiàn)代體育報(bào)道。每一個(gè)時(shí)期和階段的體育報(bào)道都值得仔細(xì)研究,比如同樣是關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)的報(bào)道,但每個(gè)時(shí)期對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員報(bào)道的內(nèi)容卻大相徑庭:“起步時(shí)期對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的描寫和報(bào)道單一,近乎平鋪直敘,而到了過渡期,非常顯著的特點(diǎn)事報(bào)道內(nèi)容枯燥和沉悶,平穩(wěn)期關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的體育報(bào)道逐步發(fā)展的內(nèi)容豐富、報(bào)道類型多樣,隨著時(shí)間推移,伴隨著動(dòng)蕩期社會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定和戰(zhàn)亂頻繁,有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的報(bào)道雜亂、一筆帶過或者多變。(引用肖鴻波《申報(bào)》77年體育報(bào)道研究)。所有這些特點(diǎn)并非個(gè)人因研究需要所貼上的標(biāo)簽,每個(gè)時(shí)期的內(nèi)容和形式早有前人進(jìn)行研究分析,如肖鴻波《申報(bào)77年體育報(bào)道研究》中就非常詳盡的對(duì)該時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類和總結(jié),加之《申報(bào)》與《字林西報(bào)》在記錄歷史軌跡方面的一致性,所以本文也得出這些結(jié)論。《字林西報(bào)》初辦時(shí)期,體育賽事就有專門的版面“sports”,雖然每周都有關(guān)于不同賽事的報(bào)道,但是真正能反映近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)時(shí)期西學(xué)東漸影響新式體育在中國(guó)逐步發(fā)展起來的則當(dāng)屬每隔幾年的大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。《字林西報(bào)》大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的報(bào)道特征有起步期、過渡期、平穩(wěn)期和動(dòng)蕩期四個(gè)階段的流變,這種報(bào)道特征恰如其分的刻畫出不同時(shí)期運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象變化的過程:世界運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)讓中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員選手與國(guó)外選手站在同一起跑線下,遠(yuǎn)東運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)讓中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員選手有了最實(shí)際的對(duì)比和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,自1930年之后全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的報(bào)道逐步占據(jù)“sports”版面中越來越多的位置。每一種大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的報(bào)道都各有千秋,對(duì)中國(guó)體育報(bào)道的發(fā)展帶來了較深的影響,即便在當(dāng)代,在體育新聞報(bào)道中對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的報(bào)道仍然能看到當(dāng)年大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)報(bào)道的影子。100年《字林西報(bào)》關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的報(bào)道,無論在形式方面還是內(nèi)容架構(gòu)上,這些報(bào)道都發(fā)生了重大的變化,可圈可點(diǎn)的地方比比皆是。政治變化、社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩與太平、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都影響到《字林西報(bào)》關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員報(bào)道的變化,另外除去這幾點(diǎn)原因,體育事業(yè)的發(fā)展和新聞傳播的逐漸形成也影響了運(yùn)動(dòng)員報(bào)道內(nèi)容的變遷。通過剖析影響運(yùn)動(dòng)員形象的新聞內(nèi)容與形式變化的因素,運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象變遷的趨勢(shì)和發(fā)展方向可以非常明顯的呈現(xiàn)出來,解釋和理解近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象變遷無疑可以曲徑通幽找到這把特殊的“鑰匙”。就其于歷史學(xué)研究的意義來說,《字林西報(bào)》中關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的體育新聞報(bào)道可以概括近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象變遷,可以管窺近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)體育事業(yè)的發(fā)展變遷,可以探析近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)歷史的發(fā)展方向;就其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義來說,《字林西報(bào)》是近代中國(guó)影響面積非常大受眾群體非常廣的一份報(bào)紙,研究其關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的體育新聞報(bào)道,對(duì)于當(dāng)今各大報(bào)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)其辦報(bào)的經(jīng)營(yíng)策略和思考其辦報(bào)理念和報(bào)道業(yè)務(wù),對(duì)于當(dāng)今的新聞報(bào)道都有很重要的價(jià)值。比如其辦報(bào)標(biāo)榜“局外中立”,但提出“公正而非中立”等等�！蹲至治鲌�(bào)》100年體育新聞報(bào)道有兩大重要功勞:其一凸顯了體育新聞報(bào)道的專業(yè)性,賦予了體育新聞報(bào)道獨(dú)立的報(bào)道特征,并以此區(qū)別于其他的新聞報(bào)道門類。其二作為中華民族解放和獨(dú)立宣傳的一部分,它為中華民族這個(gè)共同體提供了很好的想象方式,成為宣傳民族解放和獨(dú)立的工具與載體之一。一言以蔽之,《字林西報(bào)》體育新聞報(bào)道是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的結(jié)果,《字林西報(bào)》關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象的塑造也是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的重要原因。本研究主要運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)綜述法、內(nèi)容分析法、邏輯分析與歸納法,以1911一1941年這三十年間《字林西報(bào)》報(bào)刊中所報(bào)道的300篇關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的新聞報(bào)道為樣本,從運(yùn)動(dòng)員現(xiàn)實(shí)形象和媒體重構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)員形象兩大方面對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員報(bào)道內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編碼分析和定量描述,初步展示了近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)不同歷史階段中我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象的特征及其變遷并呈現(xiàn)為四個(gè)時(shí)期:起步期、過渡期、平穩(wěn)期、動(dòng)蕩期分別構(gòu)成不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象。在此基礎(chǔ)上.本文探討了近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員媒體形象變遷與我國(guó)近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)變遷之間的某些聯(lián)系。對(duì)《字林西報(bào)》歷屆大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的報(bào)道內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納整理,探尋其在報(bào)道內(nèi)容報(bào)道方式上面的脈絡(luò),探討對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的報(bào)道宗旨和報(bào)道策略變遷,總結(jié)報(bào)道規(guī)模和報(bào)道風(fēng)格的演變,進(jìn)而深入挖掘其對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員形象塑造的風(fēng)格特征。
[Abstract]:Whether the old Shanghai is the new period of the great Shanghai in politics, economy, culture and the light on the degree of attention is second to none. Even the old Chinese Shanghai development is most rapid, as a modern Chinese period of westernization and opening the first commercial port in Shanghai, according to the issuing printed newspapers are modern Chinese development and acceptance of Western thought in the forefront of the most real portrayal of life in the social, cultural, political and other fields, and will undoubtedly play a leading role and create some. North China Daily News "is born in this period, the North China Daily News >1850 years in Shanghai, before the North Walsall renamed" daily, as of March 1951, North China Daily News Publication < >, after 101 years. In the 101 years of history, "North China Daily News" is the majority of the people on the land of China after hundreds of years of pain, humiliation and struggle of the witness, it witnessed countless Chinese The people's struggle for hundreds of years and fought back.100 years of vicissitudes, in the history of Western learning, western culture symbol: the new style sports gradually penetrated into the body of the Chinese civilization has become an important part of Chinese modernization, meanwhile, deeply embedded into the Chinese memory. If you look at the pages of history files, overlooking the river China history will find the "North China Daily News" is a landmark in the witness, it records the western modern sports by Chinese people, found that admitted to the entire process of communication and learning. Look at the yellow "North China Daily News Report > volume, page sports news page, recorded at the time Chinese sports news picture, Chinese sports athletes to participate in various events of the scene is still visible before the eyes stretch of the Huangpu River, a strong and passionate The young horse race in Shanghai; Concession District new schools, students in order to practice Western gymnastics; athletics, football, long jump and other modern athletic competition movement to Chinese the earliest athletes flexible vigorous figure. True, everything is just like yesterday. Carefully read newspapers, this yellow the press recorded from 1850 to 1951 was discontinued, modern China Sports Journalism at every stage and period, also clearly see the footsteps of history to step into the modern Shanghai. And the same period > > < < declaration, such as Ta Kung Pao is found "almost synchronous development North China Daily News > and < > declaration content, basically synchronized with the development of" North China Daily News > journalism, basically synchronized with the development of modern China sports communication, can be divided into four stages: the initial stage, too The transition period, stable period and turbulent period of.100 years, the changes in turn the world upside down "North China Daily News reported on the athletes' Sports >, the changes are very significant in the process of the most obvious is the report content to perfect constantly, for athletes, shaping a more comprehensive and continuous image, close to the modern sports report every. A period and phase of the sports reports are worth careful study, such as report on sports, but the content for each period can be quite different athletes reported:" the start period for the athlete's description and reported a single, almost flat, and to the transition period, a very significant characteristic that the report content boring and dull, gradual development stable period sports coverage of athletes is rich in content and diverse types of reports, with the passage of time, accompanied by a turbulent period of social instability and frequent wars, the transport The mobilization of the report messy, with a pen or changeable. (reference Xiao Hongbo "declare on sports news >77). All of these features is not required because of personal label, content and form of each period had the previous research and analysis, such as the Xiao Hongbo declaration of sports report < > 77 years is very the detailed characteristics of this period are classified and summarized, and the consistency of the < declaration" and "the North China Daily News" in the aspects of the historical track record, so this paper also draws these conclusions. North China Daily News > office early period, sporting events have a special layout of "Sports", although every week on different events the report, but the report reflects the characteristics of the West influence of modern sports in the new period Chinese China gradually developed was every few years of large-scale games. North China Daily News > games with step 鏈，

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