【摘要】：吉林農(nóng)行是農(nóng)業(yè)銀行第一批開展面向“三農(nóng)”金融服務(wù)試點工作的省分行，近年來，該行農(nóng)戶貸款業(yè)務(wù)得到快速發(fā)展，總體上保持了健康、穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展勢頭，但相關(guān)風(fēng)險和問題也逐步暴露：一是不良貸款逐步增長。截至今年6月末，全行農(nóng)戶小額貸款不良余額4.5億元，不良率達(dá)6.8％，并可能將進(jìn)一步上升。二是違規(guī)現(xiàn)象日益增多。各級行在審計、檢查、調(diào)研中發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶貸款業(yè)務(wù)開辦中存在較多的違規(guī)現(xiàn)象和風(fēng)險隱患，如客戶準(zhǔn)入過于寬松、調(diào)查審查環(huán)節(jié)把關(guān)不嚴(yán)、貸后管理流于形式、客戶經(jīng)理違規(guī)操作等。三是農(nóng)戶難以規(guī)避農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中的自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險和市場價格波動風(fēng)險現(xiàn)象日益突出。四是聲譽風(fēng)險管控壓力較大。政府、社會公眾及媒體對農(nóng)戶貸款高度關(guān)注，任何違規(guī)操作或宣傳解釋失誤都可能誘發(fā)嚴(yán)重的聲譽風(fēng)險。加強農(nóng)戶貸款風(fēng)險防控，確保農(nóng)戶貸款健康、可持續(xù)發(fā)展，是農(nóng)業(yè)銀行實現(xiàn)服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本前提和根本保證。 吉林農(nóng)行根據(jù)農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營特點，因地因行制宜，通過建立符合農(nóng)戶實際、針對性和適應(yīng)性強的管理模式和管控手段，在推動農(nóng)戶貸款業(yè)務(wù)實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展方面，進(jìn)行了積極的探索和有益的實踐。然而該行在開展農(nóng)戶貸款業(yè)務(wù)過程中，不可規(guī)避地面臨著農(nóng)戶貸款的分散性、多樣化、小規(guī)模、信息不對稱以及用途的不確定性等因素，因此決定了農(nóng)戶貸款管理的長期性和復(fù)雜性。 堅持在風(fēng)險可控的條件下實現(xiàn)經(jīng)營利潤和社會效益的統(tǒng)一，既是商業(yè)銀行的本質(zhì)要求，也是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)行與“三農(nóng)”客戶互益共贏、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必由之路。要進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)變歷史上的粗放金融支農(nóng)模式，堅持商業(yè)運作,構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險防控體系，有效防控農(nóng)戶貸款的信用風(fēng)險、操作風(fēng)險、聲譽風(fēng)險及市場風(fēng)險，做好農(nóng)戶貸款風(fēng)險管理工作，確保農(nóng)戶貸款業(yè)務(wù)健康、可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 近年來，吉林農(nóng)行結(jié)合吉林省地方實際，大力開展“三農(nóng)”貸款，提升農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)水平，踐行企業(yè)使命。在持續(xù)、深入開展農(nóng)戶貸款業(yè)務(wù)過程中，面臨著新的問題與難點：一方面，，農(nóng)戶貸款投向以農(nóng)戶為主，實踐中農(nóng)戶貸款額度較小，農(nóng)戶居住地域分散，管理半徑大，信息不對稱，貸款普遍缺乏有效抵質(zhì)押物，農(nóng)民種養(yǎng)業(yè)自然風(fēng)險缺乏有效的補償機制等弱質(zhì)性因素將長期客觀存在；另一方面，作為貸款經(jīng)營的主體農(nóng)行在運營中持續(xù)面臨著農(nóng)村金融交易成本高，管理鏈條長，基層人員總體素質(zhì)不高，內(nèi)部控制管理難度大等難題。因此，構(gòu)建以全面的風(fēng)險管理范圍、全程的風(fēng)險管理過程、全員的風(fēng)險管理文化、全新的風(fēng)險管理手段為基本特征的風(fēng)險管理體系，成為提高農(nóng)戶貸款風(fēng)險防控水平，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶貸款業(yè)務(wù)服務(wù)到位、發(fā)展可持續(xù)目標(biāo)的重要內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Jilin Agricultural Bank is the first provincial branch of the Agricultural Bank of China to carry out the pilot work on financial services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. In recent years, the bank's farmers' loan business has developed rapidly, and on the whole it has maintained a healthy and stable development momentum. But the related risks and problems are gradually exposed: first, the growth of non-performing loans. At the end of June, the bank had a non-performing balance of 450 million yuan in small loans, a rate of 6.8 yuan, which is likely to rise further. Second, illegal phenomenon is increasing day by day. In auditing, checking and investigating, banks at all levels have found that there are more irregularities and hidden risks in the start-up of peasant households' loan business, such as too loose access for customers, lax supervision of the investigation and examination links, and management after loans become mere formality. The account manager violates the operation and so on. Third, it is difficult for farmers to avoid the risk of natural disasters and market price fluctuations in the agricultural production process. Fourth, reputation risk control pressure. The government, the public and the media are highly concerned about farmers' loans, and any illegal operation or misinterpretation of propaganda may lead to serious reputational risks. To strengthen the prevention and control of farmers' loan risk, to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of farmers' loans is the basic premise and fundamental guarantee for the Agricultural Bank to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. According to the management characteristics of the farmers, the Jilin Agricultural Bank of China, by establishing a management model and control means that are in line with the farmers' reality, pertinence and adaptability, can promote the sustainable and healthy development of the farmers' loan business. Positive exploration and beneficial practice were carried out. However, in the process of carrying out the farmer loan business, the bank is faced with such factors as dispersion, diversification, small scale, asymmetric information and uncertainty of the use of the farmer loan. Therefore, decided the farmer loan management the long-term nature and the complexity. It is not only the essential requirement of commercial banks to realize the unity of operating profit and social benefit under the condition of controllable risk, but also the only way to realize mutual benefit and sustainable development between Agricultural Bank and customers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to further change the historical model of extensive financial support for agriculture, adhere to commercial operations, build a system of system risk prevention and control, and effectively prevent and control the credit risk, operational risk, reputation risk and market risk of farmers' loans. Do a good job in the management of farmers' loan risk to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of farmers' loan business. In recent years, the Agricultural Bank of Jilin Province combined with the reality of Jilin Province, vigorously develop "three rural" loans, improve the level of rural financial services, the implementation of the mission of enterprises. In the process of continuously and deeply developing the farmer's loan business, it faces new problems and difficulties: on the one hand, the farmer's loan is directed mainly to the peasant household, the amount of the farmer's loan is small in practice, the farmer's living area is scattered, and the management radius is large. Information asymmetry, loans generally lack of effective collateral, farmers planting and raising industry natural risks lack of effective compensation mechanism and other weak factors will exist objectively for a long time; On the other hand, Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), as the main body of loan management, continues to face the problems of high financial transaction cost, long management chain, low overall quality of grass-roots personnel, and great difficulty in internal control management. Therefore, the construction of a risk management system characterized by a comprehensive range of risk management, a whole process of risk management, a risk management culture of the whole staff and a completely new means of risk management has become a way to improve the level of risk prevention and control of farmers' loans. The important content that realizes the farmer loan business service to be in place, the development sustainable goal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.43

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