本文關(guān)鍵詞： 遺囑信托 受托人承諾 受托人原因 受益人　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：《信托法》第一次將英美法系中的遺囑信托制度引進到我國,然而其對遺囑信托更多的只是一個概念的引進,而現(xiàn)行的《繼承法》也根本就沒有關(guān)于遺囑信托的規(guī)定。這就引起了對遺囑信托制度的許多爭議且主要有兩方面：第一,信托法規(guī)定采用遺囑方式設(shè)立的信托其成立是以受托人承諾為要件的,而這被許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為是我國信托立法的一個缺陷,他們認(rèn)為按照規(guī)定受托人拒絕或者無能力接受信托時則遺囑信托不成立,這顯然是與遺囑的單方法律性質(zhì)和成立條件相矛盾的；第二,依據(jù)《信托法》第13條的規(guī)定當(dāng)出現(xiàn)受托人不接受或者無能力接受信托時受益人可以有權(quán)另行選任受托人,但按《信托法》的規(guī)定此時遺囑信托還未成立,受益人的主體資格及其另行選任受托人的權(quán)利的法律依據(jù)又為何呢? 針對這兩個爭議本文將主要分析四個問題,第一,遺囑信托的成立與受托人的關(guān)系,問題的本質(zhì)在于遺囑信托中遺囑與信托的關(guān)系以及對“受托人承諾原則”堅持與否；第二,導(dǎo)致遺囑信托不成立的因受托人的原因具體有哪些；第三,在出現(xiàn)因受托人原因使遺囑信托不能成立時受益人具有什么樣的主體資格；第四,在具備了前面的主體資格后,其是否有選任受托人的權(quán)利?前兩個問題是對第一個爭議的回應(yīng),后兩個問題是對第二個爭議的回應(yīng),對于上述四個問題的解決就構(gòu)成了文章的主要研究內(nèi)容。 本文的研究結(jié)論主要是堅持了受托人承諾原則并在此前提下對使得遺囑信托不成立的受托人原因予以界定,從而指出當(dāng)遺囑信托因受托人的原因而不能成立時,遺囑信托指定的受益人此時已經(jīng)取得了受益人的主體地位但是其并不能如《信托法》第13條規(guī)定的那樣取得另行選任受托人的權(quán)利。在對法定補救路徑否定的基礎(chǔ)上提出可行的補救路徑即將另行選任受托人的權(quán)利賦予法院或遺囑執(zhí)行人并最終選擇了以法院為中心的補救路徑。
[Abstract]:< > trust first will introduce the common law in the testamentary trust system in our country, however, the more the testamentary trust is a concept of the introduction of the current "Inheritance Law > there has been no provisions on testamentary trust. This caused a lot of controversy on the testamentary trust system and there are two main: first, the establishment of the trust law will set up the trust as a trustee for the elements of this commitment, many scholars think that it is a defect of China Trust legislation, they believe that in accordance with the provisions of the trustee refuses or is unable to accept the trust is a testamentary trust is not established, this is obviously and unilateral the legal nature of wills and the conditions of establishment of contradiction; second, according to < > thirteenth of the provisions of the trust law when the trustee does not accept or not accept the ability to trust the beneficiary has the right to appoint a trustee can be, But what is the legal basis for the subject qualification of the beneficiary and the legal basis for the rights of the trustee to be selected in accordance with the provisions of the "trust law"?
According to the two disputes this article will mainly analyze four problems, first, the relationship between the trustee and the establishment of testamentary trust, the essence of the problem lies in the relationship between will and trust testamentary trust and the trustee promises to adhere to principle "or not; second, leading to the testamentary trust made the trustee due to the specific what are the third; as a result of the trustee makes testamentary trust cannot be established when the beneficiary has what kind of qualifications; fourth, the front of the main qualifications, whether the appointment of the trustee's rights? The first two questions is the first controversial response, after the two issue is about second a controversial response to solve the four problems mentioned above constitute the main contents of the article.
The main conclusions of this study is to adhere to the trustee fiduciary commitment principle and reason under the premise of the establishment of testamentary trust is not defined, so that when the testamentary trust due to the trustee can not be established, the testamentary trust has achieved at the designated beneficiary beneficiary subject status but it is not as "trust law" the provisions of article thirteenth that achieved prior appointment of the trustee's rights. Based on the negation of legal remedy path is put forward on the path to recovery feasible may appoint the trustee's rights granted to the court or the executor and chooses the remedial methods of court centered.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.282

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