【摘要】：明清時期形成了很多重要的商幫,晉商就是其中之一。晉商是其中實力最為雄厚,涉及地域最廣,馳騁商界時間最久的商幫。晉商以誠信為原則,勤儉節(jié)約、開源節(jié)流、信奉關帝,有自己的信仰。他們"學而優(yōu)則商",由內而外散發(fā)著商人的氣質。晉商仗義豪爽,積極上進又能吃苦,識人用人有自己的一套方法和原則。在管理方面也很有策略,寬嚴并濟、懲罰分明,有明確又合理的懲罰機制。還懂得與時俱進,不斷學習新的技能,及時了解新的市場信息。以上都是晉商能夠在歷史中叱咤幾百年的原因,而晉商能有這樣的成就,同時也要歸功于會館。"有麻雀飛的地方,就有晉商",晉商在他們所到之處都設莊進行貿易,逐漸由小村鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展為城市,這里的"莊"就是指會館,會館最初是晉商為了維護商人的利益,幫助同鄉(xiāng)商人解決燃眉之急而創(chuàng)建的,具有很強的商幫性、社會性、排他性和功能性。如果不是借助會館的力量,晉商也很難有如此重要的地位。明清時期的晉商會館分布廣、規(guī)模大,形成了一個錯綜復雜的網絡,代表著晉商的綜合實力和發(fā)展狀況,這個時期也是晉商會館得以發(fā)展的黃金階段。第一章是本文的緒論部分,這部分是研究明清時期晉商會館功能的目的和意義,分析當前學術界對會館的研究現(xiàn)狀,介紹本文的研究方法。第二章從各個角度全面分析了會館創(chuàng)立的原因。以同鄉(xiāng)游子外出經商的思鄉(xiāng)之苦、同鄉(xiāng)官員定期的聚會議事為主題,分析會館萌生的原動力。以鄉(xiāng)人及第的同鄉(xiāng)榮耀、科第興隆的一路見證為線索,分析科舉制度的驅動力。以各地特色的經濟發(fā)展、區(qū)域市場網絡和商幫的形成、地域政治意識的強化為緣由,分析經濟、政治對于會館發(fā)展的助推力。第三章以同鄉(xiāng)會館、行業(yè)會館、鄉(xiāng)紳會館、科舉會館、兵會館為標準,分析會館類型的多樣化。通過對明清時期晉商會館的分布數(shù)量來總結會館的共性特點,即地域性、商幫性、社會性、功能性。第四章和第五章集中討論了明清時期晉商會館的社會功能和經濟功能。從社會功能的角度出發(fā),會館聯(lián)絡鄉(xiāng)情、廣通聲息、崇祀神祗、酬神會戲、善行義舉、扶殘濟困。從經濟功能的角度出發(fā),會館是有仲裁與監(jiān)督職能的仲裁機構,協(xié)助官府協(xié)調市場秩序和整頓民風的管理部門,承載商民信仰與道德教化的最佳場所。最后是本文的結論,會館對于晉商來說,就像是黑夜里的明燈,為晉商的發(fā)展指明道路,更像是城堡里的戰(zhàn)士,為晉商的長久立足保衛(wèi)護航。但是對于浩瀚的歷史長河來說,晉商會館就像是大海里的一葉扁舟。萬事萬物都有自己的發(fā)展規(guī)律,有其獨特的優(yōu)勢與弊端,會館也不例外,它有著很強的地域性、排他性、商幫行、社會性、功能性,這些特點雖然在很大程度上使會館得以快速發(fā)展,但是卻免不了弊端帶來的遺憾。會館的發(fā)展具有相對性,排他性使會館在明清時期的封建社會里暴露了它的局限性,社會性和功能性使會館善行義舉的慈善事業(yè)顯現(xiàn)弊端,喧賓奪主。所以,必須正視會館后來的落末,并且在它曾經的盛況和如今的衰落里回顧歷史,總結經驗教訓。取其精華,去其糟粕。使會館這盞明燈在歷史長河中被人們重新記起。
[Abstract]:Shanxi merchants were one of the most powerful, covering the widest area and the longest time in the business circles. Shanxi merchants were honest, thrifty, thrifty, open-source and economical, believing in Guandi and believing in their own beliefs. Shanxi businessmen rely on righteousness and forthright, positive and hard-working, know and employ people have their own set of methods and principles. In the management aspect, they also have a good strategy, leniency and severity, clear punishment, a clear and reasonable punishment mechanism. They also know how to keep pace with the times, constantly learn new skills, and timely understand new market information. All of these are Shanxi businessmen can be in the history. For hundreds of years, Shanxi merchants owed this achievement to the guild hall. "Where sparrows fly, there are Shanxi merchants." Shanxi merchants set up villages to trade wherever they went, and gradually developed from small towns to cities. The guild hall here means the guild hall, which was originally designed to protect the interests of merchants and help fellow merchants. The Jin merchants'guilds in Ming and Qing Dynasties were widely distributed and large-scale, forming a complex network, representing the comprehensive strength and development of Shanxi merchants. The first chapter is the introduction part of this paper, which is the purpose and significance of studying the functions of the Jin Chamber of Commerce in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, analyzes the current academic research on the guilds, introduces the research methods of this paper. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the establishment of the guilds from various angles. This paper analyzes the motive power of the guild hall by analyzing the homesickness of travelers going out to do business and the regular gathering of fellow officials. It also analyzes the driving force of the imperial examination system by the clue of the honor of the townsmen and their fellow countrymen and the witness of the prosperity of the Kurdish. It also analyzes the economic development of local characteristics, the formation of regional market networks and commercial gangs, and the strong regional political consciousness. Chapter three analyzes the variety of Guildhall types according to the standards of fellow-townsman guildhall, trade guild hall, squire guild hall, imperial examination guild hall and military guild hall. The fourth and fifth chapters focus on the social and economic functions of Jin chambers of Commerce in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is that the guild hall is like a beacon in the dark for the Shanxi merchants, and it points out the way for the development of the Shanxi merchants. It is more like a fighter in a castle to defend the Shanxi merchants for a long time. In Changhe, the Jin Chamber of Commerce is like a boat in the sea. Everything has its own law of development, its unique advantages and disadvantages, Guildhall is no exception, it has a strong regional, exclusive, business, social, functional, although to a large extent, these characteristics of the embassy to develop rapidly, but unavoidably. In the feudal society of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the exclusive embassy exposed its limitations. The social and functional embassy's charity showed its drawbacks and occupied the host. Therefore, we must face up to the later decline of the embassy, and in its former grand occasion and present decline. It reviews history, sums up experience and lessons, takes its essence and goes to its dregs. The bright lamp of the embassy has been recalled in the long history.
【學位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F279.29

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