本文選題：再制造 + 政府政策�。� 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題和資源問(wèn)題已成為全球關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。其中,物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)、消費(fèi)和廢棄所造成的環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)尤為嚴(yán)重。由于再制造活動(dòng)具有潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境和社會(huì)福利,因此再制造活動(dòng)受到各國(guó)政府和制造型企業(yè)的青睞。為了保護(hù)環(huán)境和發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì),各國(guó)政府通過(guò)頒布一些政策促進(jìn)再制造活動(dòng)發(fā)展,這些政策包括再制造補(bǔ)貼政策(RSP)和碳稅政策(CTP)。為了更好造福社會(huì),政府需要從RSP和CTP中挑選出最優(yōu)政策。另外,從事再制造活動(dòng),制造商們首先需要持續(xù)供應(yīng)廢舊產(chǎn)品。制造商們一般通過(guò)以舊換新活動(dòng)和第三方回收活動(dòng)兩種途徑回收廢舊產(chǎn)品。雖然第三方回收有助于制造商們回收更多廢舊產(chǎn)品,但它可能與以舊換新活動(dòng)相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)從而降低以舊換新需求量,因此制造商們需要決策是否授權(quán)第三方回收他們的廢1舊產(chǎn)品。隨著電商的蓬勃發(fā)展,一些提供線上交易平臺(tái)的電商巨頭孕育而生,例如Amazon.com、Bestbuy.com、京東、國(guó)美在線、蘇寧易購(gòu)等。為了保留老顧客和促進(jìn)銷(xiāo)售,這些電商平臺(tái)提供以舊換新服務(wù)。不同于傳統(tǒng)以舊換新服務(wù),B2C平臺(tái)以舊換新服務(wù)以禮券(GC)或者現(xiàn)金券(CC)作為以舊換新折扣支付方式,其中GC只能在自營(yíng)店使用而CC既可以在自營(yíng)店也可以在他營(yíng)店使用。因此,擁有自營(yíng)店和他營(yíng)店的電商平臺(tái)需要從GC和CC中挑選出最優(yōu)支付方式。此外,電商發(fā)展也培養(yǎng)了消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)購(gòu)習(xí)慣,因此越來(lái)越多的傳統(tǒng)零售商們?yōu)榱松骈_(kāi)拓線上銷(xiāo)售渠道。其中,銷(xiāo)售耐用產(chǎn)品的零售商們往往會(huì)提供以舊換新服務(wù)來(lái)刺激替換消費(fèi)者的重復(fù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,這些零售商們提供以舊換新服務(wù)具有三種渠道選擇方式:第一種是只提供線下以舊換新服務(wù)(OFC),例如GAME;第二種是只提供線上以舊換新服務(wù)(ONC),例如Navman;第三種是提供線上線下以舊換新服務(wù)(DBC),例如蘋(píng)果公司。因此,擁有線上線下銷(xiāo)售渠道的零售商們需要從OFC, ONC和DBC中挑選出最優(yōu)以舊換新渠道策略。根據(jù)上述再制造背景下政府和企業(yè)所面臨的決策問(wèn)題,本文研究可從以下四個(gè)方面展開(kāi):(1)研究企業(yè)在RSP和CTP下的最優(yōu)策略,并探究政府最優(yōu)政策;(2)分別研究在不授權(quán)第三方回收(NA)和授權(quán)第三方回收(A)情形下制造商和第三方的最優(yōu)策略,然后得出制造商最優(yōu)授權(quán)選擇;(3)研究在GC和CC兩種情形下B2C平臺(tái)和第三方賣(mài)家的最優(yōu)策略,然后得出平臺(tái)最優(yōu)以舊換新支付方式。(4)研究在OFC, ONC和DBC下零售商最優(yōu)定價(jià)和以舊換新折扣策略,隨后得出最優(yōu)以舊換新渠道選擇。本文通過(guò)構(gòu)建理論模型并結(jié)合參數(shù)分析以及數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)等方法來(lái)研究再制造背景下政府和企業(yè)的最優(yōu)策略,并提出一些有意義的管理啟示:(1)在RSP下,制造商應(yīng)該增加翻新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量而減少新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量;在CTP下,制造商應(yīng)該減少新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量,并且只當(dāng)翻新產(chǎn)品排放強(qiáng)度較小時(shí)才增加翻新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量。另外,RSP不利于零售商但卻有利于制造商和整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈,而CTP不利于零售商和制造商。有趣的是,在控制碳排放方面,CTP并不總是優(yōu)于RSP。在CTP下,當(dāng)環(huán)境損害系數(shù)小于一個(gè)臨界值時(shí),政府并不會(huì)頒布CTP政策。最為重要的是,如果環(huán)境損害系數(shù)相對(duì)較小,則RSP是政府最優(yōu)政策;否則,CTP是政府最優(yōu)政策。(2)當(dāng)翻新產(chǎn)品耐用系數(shù)相對(duì)較小時(shí),第三方回收活動(dòng)和制造商以舊換新活動(dòng)存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系。在NA和A下的最優(yōu)以舊換新折扣大小關(guān)系取決于翻新產(chǎn)品耐用系數(shù)和單位以舊換新補(bǔ)貼的大小。如果翻新產(chǎn)品耐用系數(shù)較大,則A總是制造商的最優(yōu)選擇;否則,除了單位以舊換新補(bǔ)貼較小和翻新產(chǎn)品單位殘值較大的情形以外,其他情形下NA都是最優(yōu)選擇。(3)B2C平臺(tái)為那些實(shí)際殘值較低的廢舊產(chǎn)品制定高于其殘值的以舊換新折扣,而為那些實(shí)際殘值較高的廢舊產(chǎn)品制定低于其殘值的以舊換新折扣。另外,平臺(tái)既可能為自營(yíng)店也可能為他營(yíng)店做銷(xiāo)售努力,并且平臺(tái)可以搭第三方賣(mài)家銷(xiāo)售努力的順風(fēng)車(chē),但是銷(xiāo)售努力并不一定有利于平臺(tái)和第三方賣(mài)家。當(dāng)平臺(tái)從自營(yíng)店獲得比他營(yíng)店更多的銷(xiāo)售利潤(rùn)并且消費(fèi)者對(duì)于CC并沒(méi)有特別偏愛(ài)時(shí),GC是平臺(tái)最優(yōu)支付方式;否則,CC是最優(yōu)支付方式。(4)零售商以舊換新渠道選擇對(duì)新產(chǎn)品定價(jià)沒(méi)有影響,然而在OFC, ONC和DBC下的最優(yōu)以舊換新折扣大小取決于消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)購(gòu)等待心理成本和單位運(yùn)費(fèi)的大小。有趣的是,在OFC或者ONC下的以舊換新需求量在一些條件下大于在DBC下的以舊換新需求量。另外,任何一種選擇都可能最有利于替換消費(fèi)者。最為重要的是,如果單位運(yùn)費(fèi)相對(duì)較小,則ONC是最優(yōu)選擇;如果單位運(yùn)費(fèi)大小相對(duì)適中,則DBC是最優(yōu)選擇;否則,OFC是最優(yōu)選擇。本文在再制造背景下,研究了政府最優(yōu)政策,企業(yè)最優(yōu)回收策略,B2C平臺(tái)最優(yōu)以舊換新策略以及擁有線上線下銷(xiāo)售渠道零售商最優(yōu)以舊換新策略。這些研究對(duì)于政府頒布再制造政策和企業(yè)制定回收和以舊換新策略都具有理論和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the environmental and resource problems brought about by economic development have become the focus of global concern. Among them, the production, consumption and waste of material products cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. As a result of the potential economic, environmental and social welfare of remanufacturing activities, remanufacturing activities are subject to the government and system of various countries. In order to protect the environment and develop the circular economy, governments have promulgated some policies to promote the development of remanufacturing activities. These policies include the remanufacturing subsidy policy (RSP) and the carbon tax policy (CTP). In order to better benefit the society, the government needs to select the best policy from the RSP and the CTP. In addition, the remanufacturing activities are engaged in the remanufacturing activities. Manufacturers first need to continue to supply waste products. Manufacturers generally recycle waste products through two ways of using old new activities and third party recycling activities. Although third party recycling helps manufacturers to recycle more waste products, it may compete with old new activities to reduce the old new demand, thus manufacturing Businessmen need to make decisions on whether to authorize third parties to recycle their 1 old and old products. With the booming development of e-commerce, some e-commerce giants that provide online trading platforms are born, such as Amazon.com, Bestbuy.com, Jingdong, Gome online, suning.com and so on. In order to retain old customers and promote sales, these e-commerce platforms provide old new services. Unlike traditional new services, the B2C platform uses old exchange services with GC or cash vouchers (CC) as an old new discounted payment, in which GC can only be used in a private shop and CC can be used in his own shop or in his shop. Therefore, an e-commerce platform with a private store and his shop needs to be selected best from GC and CC. In addition, the development of e-commerce has also fostered consumer online shopping habits, so more and more traditional retailers are developing online marketing channels for survival. Among them, retailers who sell durable products often provide old new services to stimulate replacement consumers' repurchase. In reality, these retailers offer the old. There are three channel options for new services: the first is to provide only an old new service (OFC) under a line, such as GAME; the second is to provide only an old new service (ONC), such as Navman, and the third is to provide an old new service (DBC), such as a Apple Corp. The optimal new channel strategy should be selected from OFC, ONC and DBC. According to the decision problems faced by the government and the enterprise under the remanufacturing background, the study can be carried out from the following four aspects: (1) to study the optimal strategy of the enterprise under RSP and CTP and to explore the optimal government policy; (2) the study on the unauthorized third party recovery (NA) and the unauthorized recovery (2) The optimal strategy of manufacturers and third parties is authorized under the third party recovery (A) situation, then the manufacturer's optimal authorization choice is obtained; (3) the optimal strategy of the B2C platform and the third party seller in the two cases of GC and CC is studied, and then the optimal new payment method for the platform is obtained. (4) the optimal pricing and the old change of the retailer under OFC, ONC and DBC are studied. The new discount strategy is followed by the selection of the best new channel. This paper studies the optimal strategy of government and enterprise under the remanufacturing background by constructing the theoretical model and combining parameter analysis and numerical experiments, and puts forward some meaningful management enlightenment: (1) under RSP, the manufacturer should increase the production of the refurbished product and reduce the new product. Product production; at CTP, manufacturers should reduce the production of new products and increase the production of refurbished products only if the refurbishment of the product is less than the low emission intensity. In addition, the RSP is not conducive to the retailers but is beneficial to the manufacturers and the whole supply chain, and the CTP is not conducive to the retailers and manufacturers. It is interesting that the CTP is not always superior in controlling carbon emissions. When the RSP. is in CTP, when the environmental damage coefficient is less than a critical value, the government will not promulgate the CTP policy. Most importantly, if the environmental damage coefficient is relatively small, then RSP is the best government policy; otherwise, CTP is the best government policy. (2) when the refurbished product's durable system is relatively small, the third party recycling activities and the manufacturers replace the old. There is a competitive relationship between the new activities. The optimal new discount rate under NA and A depends on the durability coefficient of the refurbished product and the size of the old new subsidy. If the refurbishment product has a large durable coefficient, A is the best choice for the manufacturer; otherwise, the units with the old replacement subsidies are smaller and the refurbishment of the refurbished product units is larger. In other cases, NA is the best choice in other cases. (3) the B2C platform makes the old new discounts higher than the residual value of the waste products with lower actual residual values, and the waste products with higher actual residual value are set by the old new discounts lower than their residual values. In addition, the platform may be either for the private store or for his store. Sales efforts, and the platform can take third party sellers to sell hard cars, but sales efforts do not necessarily benefit the platform and third party sellers. When the platform gets more profit from the private store than his store, and when the consumer has no special preference for CC, GC is the best way to pay for the platform; otherwise, CC is the best payment. (4) (4) the retailer's choice of old new channel selection has no effect on the pricing of new products. However, the size of the optimal new discounts under OFC, ONC and DBC depends on the waiting psychological cost and unit freight of the consumer online shopping. Interestingly, the old new demand under OFC or ONC is older than under DBC under some conditions. In addition, any choice may be most beneficial to replace the consumer. The most important thing is that if the unit freight is relatively small, ONC is the best choice; if the unit freight is relatively moderate, then the DBC is the best choice; otherwise, OFC is the best choice. In the background of remanufacturing, this paper studies the optimal government policy, enterprise The optimal recovery strategy, the optimal B2C platform with the old new strategy and the optimal new strategy for the retailer under the online and offline marketing channel. These studies have theoretical and practical significance for the government to promulgate remanufacturing policies and to make the recycling and the old new strategies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F274

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