本文關(guān)鍵詞： 軟件研發(fā)多項(xiàng)目 資源沖突 關(guān)鍵鏈 安全時(shí)間 緩沖　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,軟件行業(yè)迎來發(fā)展機(jī)遇的同時(shí)也遇到了前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。市場競爭日益激烈,技術(shù)革新速度越來越快,軟件產(chǎn)品生命周期越來越短。為了滿足客戶多樣性、個(gè)性化的需求,軟件企業(yè)都會出現(xiàn)多個(gè)項(xiàng)目并行研發(fā)、多部門協(xié)作等情況。在使用傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理方法的多項(xiàng)目管理中,越來越多的項(xiàng)目出現(xiàn)成本超支、項(xiàng)目延期。基于約束理論的關(guān)鍵鏈法去除了各工序的"安全時(shí)間",通過設(shè)置項(xiàng)目緩沖、匯入緩沖及資源緩沖來保證項(xiàng)目按計(jì)劃完成。很多企業(yè)通過采用基于約束理論的關(guān)鍵鏈項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理方法,縮短了項(xiàng)目工期,提高了項(xiàng)目績效。本文基于傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理方法對軟件項(xiàng)目延期原因進(jìn)行了分析,把關(guān)鍵鏈法和傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理方法優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了對比,針對X公司軟件研發(fā)多項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理存在的問題,本文對關(guān)鍵鏈項(xiàng)目管理中的多項(xiàng)目優(yōu)先級評定、項(xiàng)目工期評估方法、多項(xiàng)目緩沖估計(jì)以及緩沖監(jiān)控方法進(jìn)行了深入的研究,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,針對多項(xiàng)目并行研發(fā)中資源沖突問題,提出基于層次分析法的評定方法對多項(xiàng)目優(yōu)先級進(jìn)行評定。依次對每個(gè)項(xiàng)目繪制網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖,編制計(jì)劃,確定沖突資源,資源沖突的工序要錯(cuò)開時(shí)間,根據(jù)項(xiàng)目優(yōu)先級順序合理分配資源,優(yōu)先級高的項(xiàng)目優(yōu)先獲得資源。其次,針對基于傳統(tǒng)進(jìn)度管理方法評估工期過長的問題,提出基于德爾菲法的三點(diǎn)時(shí)間估算法評估工期。該評估方法不僅去除了項(xiàng)目中各工序隱含的安全時(shí)間,使工期評估的更為科學(xué)合理,也為緩沖估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性奠定基礎(chǔ)。此外,為了應(yīng)對項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行過程中不確定性因素對項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度的影響,基于評估的工期采用德爾菲法、層次分析法及灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法三者結(jié)合對緩沖大小進(jìn)行估計(jì)。定性分析與定量數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合、主客觀分析法相互彌補(bǔ),使得緩沖時(shí)間估計(jì)更為合理準(zhǔn)確。尤其是設(shè)置了能力約束緩沖,避免了約束資源在多項(xiàng)目間切換時(shí)對多項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度的影響。最后,本文從關(guān)鍵鏈工序、非關(guān)鍵鏈工序和能力約束資源三個(gè)角度出發(fā),提出應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注關(guān)鍵鏈上任務(wù)完成百分比、關(guān)鍵鏈緩沖消耗百分比、項(xiàng)目緩沖消耗速度、非關(guān)鍵鏈工序上匯入緩沖和能力約束緩沖的消耗情況五個(gè)方面,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況采取相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對措施。通過關(guān)鍵鏈法在X公司軟件研發(fā)多項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理實(shí)際應(yīng)用,認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵鏈多項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理方法更適合X公司,并對關(guān)鍵鏈法實(shí)施過程中存在的不足之處提出了改進(jìn)方法和建議。本文基于X公司實(shí)際項(xiàng)目的關(guān)鍵鏈多項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理研究,對其它軟件企業(yè)提供了參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of information technology, the software industry is facing unprecedented challenges as well as opportunities for development. The market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and the speed of technological innovation is getting faster and faster. Software product life cycle is getting shorter and shorter. In order to meet the needs of customers' diversity and individuation, software enterprises will have multiple projects parallel R & D, multi-departmental collaboration, etc. In the multi-project management using the traditional project schedule management method, More and more projects have cost overruns and project deferrals. The key chain method based on constraint theory removes the "safe time" of each process by setting up project buffers. Import buffers and resource buffers to ensure that projects are completed according to schedule. Many enterprises shorten the project duration by adopting a key chain project schedule management method based on constraint theory. Based on the traditional project schedule management method, the reason of software project delay is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the key chain method and the traditional project schedule management method are compared. In view of the problems existing in the multi-project schedule management of software development in X Company, this paper makes an in-depth study on the multi-project priority evaluation, project duration evaluation, multi-project buffer estimation and buffer monitoring method in key chain project management. The main research contents are as follows: first of all, aiming at the problem of resource conflict in multi-project parallel R & D, an evaluation method based on Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to evaluate the priority of multi-project. In turn, the network diagram of each project is drawn up and the plan is drawn up. To determine the conflict resource, the process of resource conflict should be staggered, the resource should be allocated according to the priority order of the project, and the project with high priority should be given priority. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the time limit is too long based on the traditional schedule management method, A three-point time estimation method based on Delphi method is proposed to estimate the duration of the project. The method not only removes the hidden safety time of each process in the project, but also makes the evaluation more scientific and reasonable, and lays the foundation for the accuracy of buffer estimation. In order to deal with the impact of uncertain factors on the progress of the project, Delphi method is used to evaluate the duration of the project. AHP and grey relational analysis combined to estimate buffer size. Qualitative analysis combined with quantitative data, subjective and objective analysis make up for each other. The buffer time estimation is more reasonable and accurate. Especially, the capacity constraint buffer is set up to avoid the influence of constrained resource switching between multiple projects on the progress of multi-project. Finally, this paper starts with the key chain procedure. From the point of view of non-critical chain process and ability constraint resource, the paper puts forward that we should focus on the percentage of task completion, the percentage of buffer consumption of critical chain, and the speed of project buffer consumption. According to the actual situation, five aspects of the consumption of input buffer and capacity constraint buffer in non-critical chain process are adopted. The key chain method is applied in X company software development multi-project schedule management. It is considered that the key chain multi-project schedule management method is more suitable for X Company, and the improvement methods and suggestions are put forward for the key chain multi-project schedule management in the implementation of the key chain method. This paper is based on the research of the key chain multi-project schedule management in X Company. It provides reference value for other software enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F273;F49

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