【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)體制開始改革后,行政管制逐漸放松,進(jìn)入壁壘也逐步下降,中國工業(yè)部門的大部分產(chǎn)業(yè)開始允許非國有資本的進(jìn)入,另外,非國有企業(yè)的進(jìn)入逐漸分割了國有企業(yè)的市場份額與壟斷利潤,競爭的加強(qiáng)也促使國有企業(yè)必須開始變革。本文在這樣的背景下研究市場競爭與企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率之間的關(guān)系。實證結(jié)果顯示企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率會隨著時間變化而增長,但是同一年份的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率會表現(xiàn)出實質(zhì)性差異,而這與行業(yè)企業(yè)進(jìn)入退出有很大的關(guān)系。中國企業(yè)的進(jìn)入退出比例高于世界平均水平,成熟市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家的工業(yè)企業(yè)的平均進(jìn)入率在3.2%一8.2%之間,而中國企業(yè)表現(xiàn)出的進(jìn)入率退出率分別為29.8%、21%,并且這些企業(yè)的產(chǎn)出所占行業(yè)總產(chǎn)值比重也非�？捎^。本文研究表明進(jìn)入企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率顯著高于退出企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率；對于大部分行業(yè)來說進(jìn)入企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率要高于存活企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率；退出企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率顯著低于存活企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率；新進(jìn)入企業(yè)如果繼續(xù)存活至下一期,那么其下一期的生產(chǎn)率要顯著高于前一期的生產(chǎn)率。通過對企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的分解,結(jié)果顯示,進(jìn)入退出效應(yīng)所引起的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率變化占整個生產(chǎn)率變化的30-60%不等,這說明企業(yè)的進(jìn)入和退出對中國制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率變化具有重大影響。最后進(jìn)一步研究進(jìn)入退出所代表的市場競爭對企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的具體影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)其影響為正顯著,而且不同所有制的影響系數(shù)也不一樣。
[Abstract]:After the reform of the economic system, administrative controls were gradually relaxed and barriers to entry were gradually lowered. Most industries in China's industrial sector began to allow the entry of non-state-owned capital. In addition, The entry of non-state-owned enterprises has gradually divided the market share and monopoly profit of state-owned enterprises. In this context, this paper studies the relationship between market competition and enterprise productivity. The empirical results show that the productivity of enterprises will increase with time, but the productivity of enterprises in the same year will show substantial differences, which has a great relationship with the entry and exit of industry firms. The proportion of entry and exit of Chinese enterprises is higher than the world average. The average entry rate of industrial enterprises in mature market economies ranges from 3.2% to 8.2%, while that of Chinese enterprises is 29.8%. And the output of these enterprises as a proportion of the gross output of the industry is also very substantial. The research shows that the productivity of entry enterprises is significantly higher than that of exiting enterprises; for most industries, the productivity of entry enterprises is higher than that of viable enterprises; the productivity of exiting enterprises is significantly lower than that of viable enterprises. If new entrants continue to survive until the next, their productivity in the next period is significantly higher than in the previous period. Through the decomposition of enterprise productivity, the results show that the change of enterprise productivity caused by the effect of entry and exit accounts for 30-60% of the total productivity change. This indicates that the entry and withdrawal of enterprises have a significant impact on the productivity change of Chinese manufacturing industry. Finally, we further study the specific influence of the market competition represented by entry and exit on the enterprise productivity. The results show that the influence is significant, and the influence coefficient of different ownership is different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124

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