【摘要】：近年來,要素價格扭曲、收入分配與消費需求是我國學(xué)術(shù)界和政府都普遍關(guān)注的宏觀經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實和問題。就收入分配而言,我國目前面臨著勞動者報酬如何跟上經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,使要素收入分配和居民收入分配都趨于合理化。就消費需求而言,我國自上世紀90年代以來,居民消費需求持續(xù)不振已經(jīng)嚴重不利于我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)型,造成我國對投資和出口發(fā)展模式的依賴越來越嚴重。就要素價格扭曲而言,資本價格扭曲和勞動價格扭曲的長期居高不下,嚴重影響了我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型。實現(xiàn)資源配置的市場化,避免政府的干預(yù),是我國當前要素市場化改革的關(guān)鍵。本文旨在從理論和實證上理清要素價格扭曲、收入分配與消費需求間的關(guān)系,為完善收入分配格局、破解消費需求低迷及轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式提供新思路,為推動要素市場化提供理論支撐。研究結(jié)論如下： 首先構(gòu)建模型,從理論上分析了要素價格扭曲對收入分配(包括居民收入分配和要素收入分配)與消費需求的影響,分析表明要素價格扭曲加劇了我國的收入分配失衡問題,不利于緩解當前存在的消費需求不足。 其次使用生產(chǎn)函數(shù)方法,衡量了我國1990-2012年各省的資本、勞動和總的要素價格扭曲程度,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)我國要素價格扭曲存在幾個重要拐點,即1993年的資本價格扭曲、勞動價格扭曲和總的要素價格扭曲達到了“波峰最高值”；2004年的較小的階段“波峰最高值”；2008年“波谷階段最低值”,其中勞動價格扭曲的拐點更是明顯。因此我們認為經(jīng)濟改革和重要經(jīng)濟事件、危機等都會對我國要素價格扭曲產(chǎn)生影響。從波動趨勢上看,總要素價格扭曲和資本價格扭曲程度在1993年達到“波峰”后就進入了一個長期緩慢下降期,但是在2004年后進入了新的“拐點”開始緩慢上升,2008年后進入較快上升期；勞動價格扭曲長期來看是一種上揚的趨勢,雖然也經(jīng)歷了2004年的拐點開始緩慢下降,但是在2008年后又恢復(fù)了上升的趨勢。 第三,對要素價格扭曲與居民收入分配之間的關(guān)系進行了檢驗,結(jié)果表明,樣本期間內(nèi),總要素價格扭曲和資本價格扭曲加劇了我國居民間收入分配的不平衡,而勞動價格扭曲同居民收入分配失衡之間則呈非線性關(guān),遵循倒“U”型演化曲線,即伴隨勞動價格扭曲的上升,居民收入分配失衡經(jīng)歷了先拉大后縮小。 第四,實證分析了要素價格扭曲和要素收入分配之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明：1)總的要素價格扭曲同要素收入分配失衡之間呈平滑的U型關(guān)系,從散點圖可看出多數(shù)是處在U型的底部,僅有少數(shù)點在右側(cè),這說明當前總要素價格扭曲對要素收入分配失衡的影響是很弱的,同時也給我們啟示,如果未來總的要素價格扭曲降低,很有可能會促進勞動報酬份額的提升,緩解要素價格扭曲的不平衡,二者之間的關(guān)系會更多的出現(xiàn)在U型曲線的左側(cè)。2)資本價格扭曲顯著促進了勞動報酬份額的上升,有利于緩解要素收入分配失衡。3)勞動價格扭曲顯著抑制了我國勞動報酬份額的上升,是要素收入分配失衡的重要原因。 第五,實證分析了要素價格扭曲、收入分配對消費需求的影響。研究表明：一是要素價格扭曲特別是勞動價格扭曲的上升顯著不利于我國消費水平的提高,是我國近年來消費持續(xù)不振的重要原因；勞動報酬份額的上升有利于我國消費需求的提高,說明若能夠緩解當前存在的要素收入分配不平衡問題有助于解決消費的持續(xù)低迷。二是要素價格扭曲程度的上升擴大了消費與投資之間的差距,不利于消費水平的提高,而勞動報酬份額的上升能夠減小消費和投資之間的差距,有助于消費和投資的合理化。 最后在理論分析和實證分析的基礎(chǔ)上提出本文研究蘊含的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the distortion of factor prices, the distribution of income and the demand of consumption are the macro-economic realities and problems that both academic and government pay attention to. In terms of income distribution, our country is faced with how the worker's remuneration can keep up with the development of economy, so that the distribution of factor income and distribution of income distribution tend to be rationalized. In terms of consumption demand, since the 1990s, our country's consumption demand has been seriously unfavourable to the development and transformation of our country's economy, which has caused the dependence of our country on investment and export development mode more and more serious. In terms of the distortion of factor price, the distortion of capital price and the long-term high labor price distortion have seriously affected the development of our country's economy and the transformation of economic structure. To realize the marketization of resource allocation and avoid the intervention of the government is the key to the market reform of the current factor in our country. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between price distortion, income distribution and consumption demand in theory and demonstration, to provide a new way to improve the distribution pattern of income, to break the downturn of consumption demand and to transform the way of economic development, and to provide theoretical support for promoting the marketization of elements. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the model is constructed, and the influence of the distortion of factor price on income distribution (including distribution of income distribution and distribution of element income) and consumption demand is analyzed theoretically, and the analysis shows that the distortion of the factors contributes to the imbalance of income distribution in our country. The problem is not conducive to the alleviation of the current consumption demand Secondly, we use the production function method to measure the degree of distortion of capital, labor and total factor price in the provinces of China from 1990 to 2012. The analysis finds that there are several important inflection points in the price distortion of Chinese elements, namely, the distortion of capital price in 1993, the distortion of labor price and the total factor price. The lattice warp has reached "peak value of peak; 2004 a smaller stage" Maximum crest value "trough of 2008 The lowest stage, in which the labor price is twisted. The point is more obvious, so we believe that economic reform and important economic events, crises and so on will twist the price of Chinese elements The effect of song generation. On the trend of fluctuation, the distortion of total factor prices and the degree of capital price distortion are 1 1993 reached the" peak "and entered a long-term slow-down period, but in 2004 and then enter The new" inflection point "began to rise slowly and entered a faster rise after 2008; labour price distortions were a trend of upward trend in the long run, although it also experienced a slow decline in 2004, but recovered after 2008 Third, the relationship between the distortion of the price of the elements and the distribution of capital is examined. The results show that the distortion of the total factor price and the distortion of capital price during the period of the sample increase the inter-residents of our country. The imbalance of income distribution, while the labor price distortion is the same as the imbalance between the labor price allocation and the distribution. non-line It follows the" U "type evolution curve, that is, the rise of the distortion of labor price and the imbalance of the distribution of the labor force. Fourth, the relationship between element price distortion and factor income distribution is analyzed empirically. The results show that: 1) The total factor price distortion is in a smooth U-shape relation with the distribution of factor income distribution, and it can be seen that most of the elements are in U-shape. At the bottom, there are only a few points on the right, which shows that the current total factor price distortion is very weak to the factor income distribution imbalance, and also gives us the enlightenment that if the overall factor price distortion is reduced in the future, it is very likely to promote the promotion of the market share, the imbalance of the price distortion of the elements, the relationship between them will appear more in the left side of the U-shaped curve. 2) The distortion of capital price has contributed significantly to the rise of the market share, which is conducive to alleviating the imbalance of income distribution of the element. 3) The labor price distortion is obviously inhibited. The rise of the share of our country's shares is a factor. The important reason for the imbalance of income distribution is the fifth and the empirical analysis of the element prices. The influence of music and income distribution on consumption demand is analyzed. It is shown that the rise of price distortion, especially the distortion of labor price, is not conducive to the improvement of consumption level of our country, which is the important reason for our country's sustained economic decline in recent years. The increase is beneficial to the improvement of consumption demand in our country, which shows that if the current existing factor income distribution is not balanced, The problem helps to solve the persistent downturn of consumption. Second, the increase in the degree of distortion in the price of elements expands the gap between consumption and investment, which is not conducive to the improvement of consumption level, but the increase in the share of shares can reduce the difference between consumption and investment Distance, contributing to the rationalization of consumption and investment. Finally, theoretical analysis and empirical analysis
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.7;F126.1

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