本文選題：貿(mào)易開放 + 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距　； 參考：《浙江大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟全球化的時代,每個國家都在逐步融入國際分工與合作體系,以期借勢促進本國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。在貿(mào)易全球化的趨勢下,中國面臨著更加開放的國際市場和自由貿(mào)易。隨著市場經(jīng)濟體制的確立和加入WTO,中國的貿(mào)易開放得到了快速發(fā)展,貿(mào)易依存度迅速提高。與此同時,中國的城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距也呈現(xiàn)不斷擴大的趨勢。而同在改革開放背景下所出現(xiàn)的且均呈增大趨勢的貿(mào)易開放和城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距,很容易使人去猜度兩者之間存在的某種聯(lián)系。于是,國內(nèi)外學者就貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響進行了大量研究。但由于存在分析的目標、衡量的指標、解釋的機理、數(shù)據(jù)的口徑等諸多不同,這一問題目前并沒有一致的結(jié)論。本文分為四個子研究分別從不同角度就貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的作用進行了重新解讀。 在子研究一中,分別從傳統(tǒng)視角下和區(qū)域空間上就貿(mào)易開放與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的演變歷程進行闡述后,進而對兩者之間的關(guān)系進行了分析。(1)無論從傳統(tǒng)視角下還是區(qū)域空間上觀察,貿(mào)易開放和城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距均呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。(2)采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析表明,無論是全國,還是分為東部、中部和西部三大區(qū)域來觀察；無論是貿(mào)易開放,還是把貿(mào)易開放分為出口開放和進口開放來觀察,貿(mào)易開放度與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距之間均存在較高的關(guān)聯(lián)度。關(guān)聯(lián)分析的結(jié)果印證了直觀上的感覺,即貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距呈強關(guān)聯(lián)。 在子研究二中,根據(jù)以往研究中對地理空間因素的忽略,本文基于1978-2011年的省級數(shù)據(jù),采用空間計量法分析了貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響。實證發(fā)現(xiàn)：貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距呈正向作用,與現(xiàn)狀分析相一致；但考慮城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的空間溢出效應(yīng)之后,貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的正向作用降低,這可能源于城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的空間正向效應(yīng)對貿(mào)易開放的正向效應(yīng)造成的擠出。因此,可以合理利用空間效應(yīng)具有弱化貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的正向作用,以實現(xiàn)通過調(diào)節(jié)空間效應(yīng)達到促進外貿(mào)增長和縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距之目標。 在子研究三中,根據(jù)已有研究中存在數(shù)據(jù)過于中觀或宏觀、微觀數(shù)據(jù)所采用的年數(shù)過少、研究結(jié)果不夠直觀等局限性,本文基于1995、2002、2007和2010年等四個年份的微觀大樣本數(shù)據(jù),利用Mincer收入擴展模型,運用Oaxaca-Ransom分解法,把貿(mào)易開放置于包含勞動者的基本特征、工作特征和地區(qū)特征等微觀個體因素以及經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等宏觀經(jīng)濟因素的情境中,分析貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響。研究結(jié)論表明,貿(mào)易開放因素對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響整體表現(xiàn)為較低的負向貢獻作用,但對貿(mào)易開放拆分后對進口和出口進行分開考察,進口開放和出口開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的貢獻率都比較大；貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的貢獻方向穩(wěn)定,而且貢獻率整體呈遞增態(tài)勢�？梢钥闯�,不可因為貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的整體貢獻率較低而忽視貿(mào)易開放因素對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響。 在子研究四中,根據(jù)已有的關(guān)于貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距影響的文獻中研究的側(cè)重點多放在影響因素貿(mào)易開放的現(xiàn)象,本文則把研究關(guān)注的重點適當向城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距方面作了轉(zhuǎn)移。眾所周知,“民不患寡而患不均”,如果出現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距地區(qū)發(fā)展的不平衡問題,容易引起民眾的怨忿從而增加社會的不穩(wěn)定因素。因此,如何促進中國各地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的趨同,對經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展具有重要意義。鑒于此,本文建立收斂回歸模型,基于1978-2011年的省級數(shù)據(jù),就貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距增長收斂的影響做了分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的增長率呈負向作用,而對中國各省份城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距呈不顯著的發(fā)散作用。從分進口和出口來看,貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距增長率的負向作用是出口開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距增長率的負向作用和進口開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距呈不顯著的正向作用協(xié)同作用的結(jié)果；貿(mào)易開放對中國各省份城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距呈不顯著的發(fā)散作用是出口開放對中國各省區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的發(fā)散作用和進口開放對中國各省份城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距呈不顯著的收斂作用協(xié)同作用的結(jié)果。 最后,基于實證分析結(jié)果,本文全面總結(jié)了貿(mào)易開放對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響作用,提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議,并對需要進一步的研究方向作了說明。
[Abstract]:In the era of economic globalization , each country is gradually integrated into the international division of labor and cooperation , with a view to promoting the development of the national economy . With the establishment of the market economic system and the entry of WTO , China ' s trade liberalization has been developing rapidly .

In the sub - study , the relationship between the openness of trade and the income gap of urban and rural residents is analyzed from the traditional perspective and in the regional space respectively . ( 1 ) There is a positive correlation between the open trade and the income gap of urban and rural residents .
Whether the trade is open or the opening of the trade is divided into the opening of exports and the opening of imports , there is a high correlation between the openness of trade and the income gap of urban and rural residents . The result of the correlation analysis confirms the visual perception that the openness of trade is strongly associated with the income gap of urban and rural residents .

In the second part of the study , according to the neglect of geographical space factor in the past research , based on the provincial data of 1978 - 2011 , this paper analyses the effect of trade opening on the income gap of urban and rural residents based on the provincial data from 1978 to 2011 .
However , considering the spatial spillover effect of the income gap of urban and rural residents , the positive effect of the opening of trade on the income gap of urban and rural residents is reduced , which may be due to the positive effect of the spatial forward effect of the income gap of urban and rural residents on the positive effects of trade openness . Therefore , it is possible to rationally utilize the space effect to weaken the positive effect of the trade opening on the income gap of the urban and rural residents , so as to realize the goal of promoting the growth of foreign trade and narrowing the income gap of the urban and rural residents through adjusting the space effect .

Based on the macro - sample data of four years , such as 1995 , 2002 , 2007 and 2010 , the author uses the Mincer ' s income expansion model to analyze the impact of the opening of trade on the income gap of urban and rural residents .
The contribution direction of the opening of trade to the income gap of urban and rural residents is stable , and the contribution rate is gradually increasing . It can be seen that the influence of the opening factor of trade to the income gap of urban and rural residents cannot be neglected because of the low overall contribution rate of the open trade to the income gap of urban and rural residents .

In the fourth part of this paper , according to the existing literatures about the influence of trade openness on the income gap of urban and rural residents , this paper analyzes the influence factors on the income gap of urban and rural residents . It is found that the negative effect of the opening of trade on the growth rate of urban and rural residents ' income gap is the negative effect on the growth rate of urban and rural residents ' income gap .
The divergence of the openness of trade to the income gap between urban and rural residents in all provinces of China is the result of the convergence of export opening to the income gap between urban and rural residents in all provinces of China and the opening to the income gap between urban and rural residents in all provinces of China .

Finally , based on the results of the empirical analysis , this paper summarizes the effect of the opening of trade on the income gap of urban and rural residents , puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions , and explains the further research direction .
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752;F124.7

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