本文選題：進口貿易 + 進口結構��； 參考：《上海外國語大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：技術進步是一國持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的根本動力所在。對于中國這樣的發(fā)展國家而言，通過進口的貿易方式直接或間接獲取技術領先國的研發(fā)成果，在此基礎上消化、吸收，并進行二次創(chuàng)新，相較于純粹自主研發(fā)的高投入和成效的漸進性，這種方式可以實現(xiàn)以較小的成本和較快的速度提升本國的技術實力，縮小和發(fā)達國家的技術差距。改革開放以來，特別是加入WTO以來，我國的對外貿易發(fā)展迅猛，2011年出口總額18983.8億美元，進口總額為17434.8億美元，已成為出口第二，進口第三的貿易大國。但同時可以看到，我國的貿易順差明顯，國際貿易收支不平衡，并且和貿易伙伴國的摩擦和糾紛不斷。因此無論就緩解外在壓力，還是解決內在發(fā)展需求而言，，進一步發(fā)展進口都是最佳選擇。但是怎樣使進口結構能夠較大程度上發(fā)揮進口貿易對我國技術的促進？這值得我們進一步探討和分析。 本文先從理論上歸納進口貿易途徑的國際技術擴散機制和影響因素，從而建立了一個關于進口貿易與進口國技術進步的基本分析框架，為之后的實證研究提供了理論基石。評價進口貿易對于我國國內技術進步的重要性、進而作出政策建議，必須以我國目前的進口貿易狀況和技術發(fā)展階段為背景進行研究。因此本文接下來從規(guī)模總量和商品結構兩個方面分析了目前我國的進口貿易狀況，并從科研投入和產(chǎn)出兩個維度考察了中國目前所處的技術發(fā)展階段。最后利用中國的數(shù)據(jù)驗證中國的進口貿易和進口貿易結構對技術進步的作用。 通過上述分析，我們得出的具體結論為：（1）我國的進口貿易對技術進步的效用明顯，進口每增加一個單位就可以推動技術進步0.183528個單位，因此要進一步擴大進口；（2）資本、技術密集型產(chǎn)品的進口對技術進步最為明顯，因此加強此類產(chǎn)品的進口尤為重要；（3）國外直接投資以及本國的專利發(fā)明對技術進步作用很小，因此要合理引導國外直接投資，并加強我國科研實力和科研成果的應用性。
[Abstract]:Technological progress is the fundamental motive force for a country's sustained and stable development. For a developing country such as China, direct or indirect access to the R & D achievements of the leading technology countries through import trade is the basis for digesting, absorbing, and re-innovating. Compared with the pure independent R & D with high investment and gradual effect, this way can improve the technical strength of our country with lower cost and faster speed, and narrow the technological gap with developed countries. Since the reform and opening up, especially since China's entry into WTO, the foreign trade of our country has developed rapidly. In 2011, the total amount of export is 1.89838 trillion US dollars, and the total amount of import is 1.74348 trillion US dollars, which has become the second largest country in export and the third in import. But at the same time, we can see that China's trade surplus is obvious, the international trade balance is unbalanced, and the friction and disputes with its trading partners are constant. Therefore, further development of imports is the best choice in terms of relieving external pressure or addressing internal development needs. But how to make the import structure play the role of the import trade to promote the technology of our country to a great extent? This is worth our further discussion and analysis. This paper first summarizes the international technology diffusion mechanism and influencing factors of import trade approaches theoretically, and then establishes a basic analytical framework on import trade and the technological progress of importing countries, which provides a theoretical foundation for the subsequent empirical research. To evaluate the importance of import trade to China's domestic technological progress and to make policy recommendations, we must study the current situation of import trade and the stage of technological development in China. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current situation of China's import trade from the aspects of total scale and commodity structure, and examines the technological development stage of China from the two dimensions of scientific research input and output. Finally, China's data is used to verify the effect of China's import trade and import trade structure on technological progress. Through the above analysis, we have come to the concrete conclusion that the import trade of our country has an obvious effect on technological progress. Every additional unit of import can promote technological progress by 0.183528 units, so we should further expand our imports of 2%) capital. The import of technology-intensive products is the most obvious for technological progress, so it is particularly important to strengthen the import of such products. (3) Foreign direct investment and domestic patent inventions have little effect on technological progress. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably guide foreign direct investment. And strengthen our scientific research strength and application of scientific research results.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752.6;F124.3

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