本文選題：收入差距 + 政策因素�。� 參考：《南京大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放三十多年來,我國社會經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展,并于2010年進入中高收入國家行列,但社會收入差距也逐漸成為各界關注的焦點問題。以反映居民收入分配差異程度的基尼系數(shù)為例,近十年我國基尼系數(shù)值一直介于0.47-0.5之間,屬于收入差距較大,接近收入差距懸殊。具體來說,我國社會收入差距主要表現(xiàn)為區(qū)域間收入差距、城鄉(xiāng)間收入差距和行業(yè)間收入差距。結合國家統(tǒng)計局的歷年統(tǒng)計年鑒和世界銀行網(wǎng)站等可查詢到的相關數(shù)據(jù),對我國區(qū)域間、城鄉(xiāng)間和行業(yè)間收入差距的現(xiàn)狀進行分析后,可以看出目前我國區(qū)域間、城鄉(xiāng)間和行業(yè)間的收入差距較大,從而可以得出目前我國社會收入分配差距較大。影響社會收入差距的因素很多,既有可歸結于自然的、歷史的因素,也有可歸結于市場的因素。由于市場機制優(yōu)勝劣汰的作用原理,在市場機制作用下,必然會導致社會收入差距的擴大,而市場本身并不具備合理調節(jié)社會收入差距的功能,市場追求的目標主要體現(xiàn)為效率。而社會公平是政府所應追求的目標,因此政府和市場在社會收入分配中承擔各自不同的職能。就目前我國收入分配現(xiàn)狀來看,影響社會收入差距的政策因素不容忽視。亞當·斯密在分析影響收入分配的因素時指出歐洲政策的因素,產(chǎn)生了比市場所導致的更大不均等。而具體到我國,可以從政府對于收入分配政策的價值取向,對區(qū)域間、城鄉(xiāng)間、行業(yè)間的政策差異以及政策的貫徹執(zhí)行等方面,分析出政府政策對于社會收入分配的影響。在改革開放初期,為了加快社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,國家在收入分配中更為強調“效率”這一價值取向,因此造成了收入分配差距的擴大,同時在區(qū)域間、城鄉(xiāng)間、行業(yè)間的差別化政策,也進一步拉大了收入差距,此外,政府在政策貫徹執(zhí)行中存在著缺位、錯位、越位等行為,也是收入分配差距不合理的政策因素之一。合理的收入分配制度,能夠促進社會經(jīng)濟的良性發(fā)展,也有利于維護社會穩(wěn)定,為經(jīng)濟社會的良性發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的社會環(huán)境。因此,針對政策因素所導致不合理的社會收入差距,政府應采取相應的政策措施來進行彌補。首先應該明確現(xiàn)階段政府對于收入分配的價值取向,針對目前社會收入差距不合理的現(xiàn)狀,政府應更加突出“公平”這一政策價值取向,注重機會均等的實現(xiàn)；科學界定政府與市場的邊界,對于市場自身的不足導致的社會差距過大,政府應該切實發(fā)揮自身的職能,予以合理的引導和調控,并完善社會保障體系以促進社會公平；對區(qū)域間、城鄉(xiāng)間、行業(yè)間存在的收入分配差距,應采取有效的政策措施,彌補其中的不合理差距。在政策制定和執(zhí)行過程中,政府也應當努力避免與公共利益之間的沖突,以公共利益為決策目標,同時要加大政策的執(zhí)行力度,最大程度地消除不合法收入,以促進社會收入分配差距的合理化。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, China's social economy has developed rapidly and entered the ranks of high-income countries in 2010, but the social income gap has gradually become the focus of attention. Taking the Gini coefficient, which reflects the degree of income distribution difference, as an example, the Gini coefficient of China has been between 0.47-0.5 in recent ten years, which belongs to the income gap, which is close to the income gap. Specifically, the social income gap in China is mainly shown as regional income gap, urban-rural income gap and inter-industry income gap. By analyzing the current situation of the income gap between regions, urban and rural areas and industries in China, we can see that there are regions in our country after analyzing the relevant data from the statistical yearbooks of the National Bureau of Statistics over the years and the website of the World Bank. The income gap between urban and rural areas and industries is large, so we can conclude that there is a large gap in social income distribution in our country at present. There are many factors influencing social income gap, which can be attributed to natural and historical factors as well as market factors. Because of the principle of the survival of the fittest and the survival of the fittest, the market mechanism will inevitably lead to the expansion of the social income gap, and the market itself does not have the function of reasonably regulating the social income gap. The goal that the market pursues is reflected mainly for efficiency. Social equity is the goal that the government should pursue, so the government and the market have different functions in the distribution of social income. According to the current situation of income distribution in China, the policy factors affecting social income gap can not be ignored. Adam Smith, analyzing the factors that affect income distribution, pointed out that the factors of European policy resulted in greater inequality than the market. In our country, the influence of government policy on social income distribution can be analyzed from such aspects as the value orientation of the government's income distribution policy, the policy difference between regions, urban and rural areas, industry, and the implementation of the policy. In the early stage of reform and opening up, in order to speed up social and economic development, the country put more emphasis on the value orientation of "efficiency" in the income distribution, which resulted in the widening of the income distribution gap, at the same time, between the regions, between urban and rural areas. The differentiation policy between industries also further widens the income gap, in addition, the government in the policy implementation of the absence, dislocation, offside and other behavior, is also one of the unreasonable income distribution gap policy factors. Reasonable income distribution system can promote the benign development of social economy, also help to maintain social stability and create a good social environment for the benign development of economic society. Therefore, in view of the unreasonable social income gap caused by policy factors, the government should take corresponding policy measures to make up for it. First of all, we should make clear the value orientation of the government for income distribution at the present stage. In view of the current situation of the unreasonable social income gap, the government should pay more attention to the value orientation of the policy of "fairness" and pay attention to the realization of equal opportunities. To define the boundary between government and market scientifically, the government should give full play to its own function, guide and regulate reasonably, and perfect the social security system to promote social equity. Effective policy measures should be taken to remedy the unreasonable gap in income distribution between regions, urban and rural areas and industries. In the process of policy formulation and implementation, the government should also strive to avoid conflicts with the public interest and take the public interest as the decision-making goal. At the same time, the government should strengthen the implementation of the policy to eliminate illegal income to the maximum extent. In order to promote the rationalization of social income distribution gap.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.7

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本文編號：1946398