發(fā)布時間：2018-01-15 14:37

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件影響因素與水平評價研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 科技參與應(yīng)對 重大突發(fā)事件 影響因素 水平評價 集成策略

【摘要】：綜觀整個世界的歷史與現(xiàn)實，相當(dāng)多的國家和地區(qū)都曾發(fā)生過重大突發(fā)事件。凡在自然領(lǐng)域或人類社會領(lǐng)域突然發(fā)生過的諸如重大自然災(zāi)害事件或重大事故災(zāi)害事件或重大公共衛(wèi)生事件，幾乎都曾給人類造成過損失或重大損害。面向未來，盡管人類非常期盼不發(fā)生或能防控重大突發(fā)事件，但近代連續(xù)不斷發(fā)生的重大突發(fā)事件，不僅讓人類看到了依據(jù)目前的能力還很難避免重大突發(fā)事件的發(fā)生，，還很難避免凡發(fā)生重大突發(fā)事件幾乎都會給人類造成不同程度的損失或重大損害，而且還看到了面對未來可能發(fā)生的重大突發(fā)事件，雖然不能輕易放棄傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)對方法，但更重要的則是必須高度重視并突出科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件。 近年來，雖然我國的科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件，有的已經(jīng)取得了明顯的效果，但仍然存在一些急需研究解決的前瞻性問題，如科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件意識相對不強問題、科技投入相對不足問題、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)品研發(fā)速度相對較慢與儲備不足及配置水平相對較低問題，有的重大突發(fā)事件的預(yù)測與預(yù)報水平相對較低問題、防控能力相對較低問題、應(yīng)急管理水平相對較低問題、對策策略不能適時集成出臺等問題。依據(jù)前人圍繞上述問題的目前研究不足及應(yīng)當(dāng)研究的迫切性，本文在借鑒國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，利用多種相關(guān)最新理論和研究方法，對與上述問題中具有很強內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系的科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件的基礎(chǔ)理論問題、影響因素問題、最優(yōu)路徑先擇問題、有效協(xié)同問題、科技資源優(yōu)化配置問題、科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件水平評價問題及提高科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件水平策略等問題，開展了理論與實踐相結(jié)合的深入系統(tǒng)研究，有助于推動科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件理論體系的進一步豐富和完善，并為科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件的決策主體提供借鑒。 在分析并界定了圍繞重大突發(fā)事件與突發(fā)事件、科技參與和科技參與應(yīng)對等相關(guān)概念及其相互關(guān)系等問題的基礎(chǔ)上，剖析并明確界定了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件的概念與機理，重大突發(fā)事件選擇科技參與應(yīng)對的前置條件，科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件的特點與優(yōu)性表現(xiàn)、階段劃分與應(yīng)對目標(biāo)、應(yīng)對主體及其應(yīng)具備的資格要件等基礎(chǔ)理論問題。 在分析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件影響因素的識別視角與識別原則的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步分析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、在應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、在恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過程的影響因素，并結(jié)合不同階段影響因素的分析，分別構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過程影響因素的影響關(guān)系模型并進行了實證分析。 在深入分析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件最優(yōu)應(yīng)對路徑選擇功能性重要性，并從多視角對科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件的最優(yōu)應(yīng)對路徑選擇進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，探討了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件最優(yōu)應(yīng)對路徑選擇的參與主體和最佳選擇主體及其應(yīng)遵循的選擇原則；系統(tǒng)的分別探討了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過程應(yīng)開展的應(yīng)對活動事項，并基于不同階段的不同層級應(yīng)開展的活動事項，分別構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過程的最優(yōu)應(yīng)對路徑模型。 在剖析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件有效協(xié)同背景的基礎(chǔ)上，深入分析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件過程中有效協(xié)同的主體、有效協(xié)同的客體、有效協(xié)同的目標(biāo)，并構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件有效協(xié)同模型。 在剖析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件所需科技資源基本涵義應(yīng)具備的特征并構(gòu)建了特征模型的基礎(chǔ)上，深入分析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件所需科技資源的種類劃分及取向，剖析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件所需科技資源優(yōu)化配置體系構(gòu)成并構(gòu)建了科技資源優(yōu)化配置模型。 在探討了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件水平評價背景與評價主體及評價原則與評價目的，分析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件水平評價指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)成與構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)模型的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件各系統(tǒng)水平評價指標(biāo)體系及水平評價模型，并進行了實證。 基于前文研究，圍繞如何提高科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件水平問題，分析了科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件水平提高應(yīng)選擇的集成策略。 本文有助于進一步推動科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件諸多問題的繼續(xù)深入研究，有助于為圍繞科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件諸多問題研究提供相應(yīng)的研究參考，有助于推動科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件活動的深入開展，有助于科技參與應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)事件水平的不斷提高，有助于維護我國的公共安全并促進經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:According to the history and reality of the whole world, many countries and regions have experienced major emergencies. Where natural areas or areas of human society suddenly occurred such as major natural disasters or major accidents disasters or major public health incidents, almost have caused by human losses or serious damage for the future. Although the human, does not occur or can look forward to the prevention and control of major emergencies, but in major emergencies happening continuously, not only let the human see on the basis of the current capacity is also very difficult to avoid major emergencies, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of major emergencies where almost all will cause varying degrees of loss or damage to major human beings, but also to see the face of major emergencies that may occur in the future, although can not easily give up the traditional methods of coping, but more important is a must Attach great importance to and highlight the participation of science and technology in response to major emergencies.
In recent years, although in response to major emergencies of science and technology of our country, and some have achieved remarkable results, but there are still some problems to be solved urgently in the forward-looking, such as participation in emergency response technology awareness is not strong, and relatively insufficient investment, key technology and product development speed is relatively slow and insufficient reserves the configuration and the relatively low level of problem, prediction and forecast the level of some major emergencies is relatively low, control ability is relatively low, the emergency management level is relatively low, not timely introduction of integrated strategies and other issues. Based on the urgency of current research problems and researches should focus on these issues, in this paper the basis of relevant research results at home and abroad, using a variety of the latest theories and research methods, has a strong internal and on these issues The basic theoretical problems involved in responding to major emergencies the logical relations between science and technology, influence factors, the optimal path selection problem, effective coordination problem, optimal allocation of resources of science and technology, science and technology and science and technology should be involved in improving the participation of major emergencies level strategy problem of emergency response level evaluation, carried out theoretical and systematic research the combination of practice, help to promote the technology involved in the emergency response system to further enrich and improve the theory, and provide reference for participation in the emergency response technology decision-making body.
In the analysis and define the focus on major emergencies and emergencies in basic science and technology and science and technology in response to the related concepts and their relationship problems, analyze and define the concept and mechanism involved in emergency response technology, pre conditions of major emergencies in response to the selection of science and technology, characteristics and performance in optimization emergency response technology, stage division and the response to the target, the basic theory to deal with the problem of the subject and should have the qualifications.
In the analysis of the technology involved in the identification and recognition of the principle of perspective based on influential factors to deal with major emergencies, further analysis in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology in emergency response and rescue phase factors in the restoration and reconstruction stage and the influence of the whole process, and combined with the analysis of the factors affecting different stages, were constructed in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue, recovery and reconstruction and the whole process affect the relation model and in the empirical analysis.
In depth analysis of the technology involved in the functional importance of emergency response to optimal path selection, and carries on the analysis from foundation to participate in the emergency response and the optimal path to deal with multi angle of view, discusses the main participants and the best choice in the main technology to respond to major emergencies and chooses the optimal path to deal with and choice principles according to the system were discussed; in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue stage, coping activities recovery and reconstruction and the whole process should be carried out, and based on the activities of different levels in different stages should be carried out, were constructed in response to major emergencies in the prevention with the emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue phase, the optimal path to deal with the restoration and reconstruction of the stage and the whole process Model.
Based on analyzing the technology involved in the emergency response coordination background, in-depth analysis of the main effective collaborative technology involved in the emergency response process, the object of effective coordination, effective coordination, and the construction of the science and technology involved in the emergency response coordination model.
In the analysis of the characteristics of science and technology in response to major emergencies required for scientific and technological resources should have the basic meaning and the construction of the basic features of the model, in-depth analysis of the classification and orientation of science and technology in response to major emergencies for science and technology resources, analyzes the technology of major emergencies should be involved in the need of scientific and technological resources optimized disposition system and the construction of the model of optimal allocation of resources of science and technology.
After discussing the principle and evaluation of science and technology in the emergency response level evaluation of background and evaluation and assessment of the main objective, analyzing the technology involved in the emergency response level constitute the evaluation index system and structure model, construction technology in response to major emergencies and evaluation of the system level evaluation index system and model, and the empirical.
Based on the previous research, focusing on how to improve the participation of science and technology in dealing with the level of major emergencies, this paper analyzes the integration strategy that science and technology should participate in coping with the level of major emergencies.
In this paper, a further study helps to further promote technology in response to major emergencies problems, help to focus on science and technology in response to major emergencies on many problems to provide the corresponding reference research, helps to promote science and technology to participate in emergency response activities, contribute to the technology involved in the emergency response level the continuous improvement of public safety, contribute to the maintenance of our country and promote economic and social sustainable and harmonious development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.3;D63

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 褚冠全,孫金華;人員疏散準(zhǔn)備時間及其對火災(zāi)風(fēng)險評估結(jié)果的影響[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報;2005年03期

2 廖遠u&,劉弘;公共安全突發(fā)事件的探測分析——利用方差多變點分析技術(shù)對SARS疫情的研究[J];財經(jīng)研究;2003年11期

3 龔瑞昆 ,王紹玉 ,顧建華 ,張世奇;災(zāi)時應(yīng)急心理救助技術(shù)與方法(1)——激情宣泄技術(shù)[J];城市與減災(zāi);2003年03期

4 蘇桂武,高慶華;自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險的分析要素[J];地學(xué)前緣;2003年S1期

5 耿文奎;劉德誠;卓家同;黃林;韋輝;;減少和降低公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件危害措施效果的評價[J];中國公共衛(wèi)生管理;2006年02期

6 韓麗麗;;突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對型社會政策制定模式的影響因素分析[J];甘肅社會科學(xué);2010年04期

7 常志朋;程龍生;;突發(fā)事件下應(yīng)急物資對外采購能力評價指標(biāo)體系研究[J];工業(yè)安全與環(huán)保;2012年11期

8 吳興軍;公共危機管理的基本特征與機制構(gòu)建[J];華東經(jīng)濟管理;2004年03期

9 姜卉;黃鈞,;;罕見重大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急實時決策中的情景演變[J];華中科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2009年01期

10 陳志宗;尤建新;;重大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急救援設(shè)施選址的多目標(biāo)決策模型[J];管理科學(xué);2006年04期

本文編號：1428804