【摘要】：蔗糖業(yè)是云南區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和邊疆地區(qū)脫貧致富的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。近年來，甘蔗花葉病成為云南各蔗區(qū)發(fā)生普遍、危害嚴重的病害，造成甘蔗產(chǎn)量下降、質(zhì)量降低，嚴重制約云南蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。2011～2012年，從云南省保山、德宏、紅河、臨滄、思茅、西雙版納、玉溪、昭通等8個甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)和國家甘蔗種質(zhì)資源圃內(nèi)采集表現(xiàn)花葉癥狀的甘蔗樣品145份，利用RT-PCR法對其病原進行了檢測。在采集到的145份甘蔗樣品中，共檢測到3種病原：甘蔗花葉病毒（Sugarcanemosaic virus,SCMV），高粱花葉病毒（Sorghum mosaic virus,SrMV）和甘蔗條紋花葉病毒（Sugarcanestreak mosaic virus,SCSMV），其中SrMV檢出率達64.13%，為主要病原。SCMV和SCSMV在國家甘蔗種質(zhì)資源圃的樣品中檢出率較高，分別達到62.5%和77.78%；大田品種以SrMV為主；在國家甘蔗種質(zhì)資源圃和保山、紅河、玉溪蔗區(qū)樣品上檢測到SCMV；栽培原種部分品種存在SrMV和SCMV復合侵染現(xiàn)象；在國家甘蔗種質(zhì)資源圃和玉溪、德宏蔗區(qū)樣品上檢測到SCSMV。 選取27個SrMV分離物和3個SCMV分離物進行CP基因克隆測序，分析引起云南甘蔗花葉病病原SCMV和SrMV的遺傳多樣性。序列分析表明：SrMV的CP基因序列差異較大，存在多個株系，且同一地區(qū)也存在多個株系，但地理差異不明顯，而SCMV不存在株系分化。SrMV CP基因核苷酸序列相似性僅為77%-79%，可能存在一種新的引起甘蔗花葉病的病毒種類。 對9個SCSMV陽性樣品的CP基因進行了克隆測序，序列分析結(jié)果表明：他們之間的同源性較高。從NCBI上下載SCSMV CP基因序列，與本實驗獲得的9個SCSMV分離物CP基因序列進行聚類分析，結(jié)果表明：SCSMV可以劃分為多種不同的株系，地理差異比較明顯；本研究獲得的9個分離物聚集形成一個獨立分支，可能代表SCSMV的一個株系。 根據(jù)樣品采集地點，選擇RT-PCR檢測呈陽性且寄主為紅河、保山、德宏、西雙版納、思茅蔗區(qū)的主栽品種M2、M3、M6、M9、M17及M32共6個分離物進行鑒別寄主測定，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的致病性存在明顯差異，分離物M3有范圍最廣的鑒別寄主和較強的致病性。
[Abstract]:Sugar industry is the pillar industry of Yunnan regional economic development and frontier area. In recent years, sugarcane mosaic disease has become a common disease in various sugarcane regions in Yunnan Province, causing a decline in sugarcane yield and a decrease in quality, which seriously restricts the sustainable and stable development of sugar cane industry in Yunnan Province. From 2011 to 2012, from Baoshan, Dehong, Yunnan Province, 145 sugarcane samples with mosaic symptoms were collected from 8 main sugarcane producing areas and national sugarcane germplasm nurseries in Honghe, Lincang, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Yuxi and Zhaotong, and their pathogens were detected by RT-PCR method. Three pathogens were detected in 145 sugarcane samples: sugarcane mosaic virus (Sugarcanemosaic virus,SCMV), sorghum mosaic virus (Sorghum mosaic virus,SrMV) and sugarcane stripe mosaic virus (Sugarcanestreak mosaic virus,SCSMV). The detection rate of SrMV was 64.13%. The detection rate of SCMV and SCSMV were 62.5% and 77.78% respectively in the national sugarcane germplasm resource nursery. SrMV was the main cultivar in the field, and compound infection of SrMV and SCMV was found in the samples of sugarcane germplasm resources in Baoshan, Honghe and Yuxi sugarcane regions. SCSMV. was detected in national sugarcane germplasm resource nursery and in Yuxi and Dehong sugarcane area. 27 SrMV isolates and 3 SCMV isolates were selected for CP gene cloning and sequencing. The genetic diversity of SCMV and SrMV causing sugarcane mosaic disease in Yunnan was analyzed. Sequence analysis showed that the sequence of CP gene in SrMV was quite different, there were many lines, and there were many strains in the same area, but the geographical difference was not obvious. However, the nucleotide sequence similarity of. SrMV CP gene in SCMV was only 77-79, which suggested that there might be a new virus causing sugarcane mosaic disease. The CP genes of 9 SCSMV positive samples were cloned and sequenced. The results of sequence analysis showed that there was a high homology among them. The SCSMV CP gene sequence was downloaded from NCBI and clustered with the CP gene sequence of 9 SCSMV isolates obtained in this experiment. The results showed that SCSMV could be divided into many different strains with obvious geographical differences. The 9 isolates collected in this study form an independent branch, which may represent a strain of SCSMV. According to the site of sample collection, six isolates, M2M3M3M6M6M9M17 and M32, were selected from the main cultivars of Honghe, Baoshan, Dehong, Xishuangbanna and Simao sugarcane areas. It was found that there were obvious differences in pathogenicity between them, and the isolate M3 had the widest range of differential hosts and strong pathogenicity.
【學位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S435.661

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