【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)作為發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的載體,是制度變遷和制度創(chuàng)新的產(chǎn)物。我國(guó)自1989年在山東禹城開(kāi)始探索建立農(nóng)業(yè)高新技術(shù)園區(qū)誘導(dǎo)中國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)振興的道路以來(lái),陸續(xù)在北京、上海和廣州等經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)開(kāi)始區(qū)域性的實(shí)踐,在可行的基礎(chǔ)上,國(guó)家科技部聯(lián)合六部委在全國(guó)分五批批準(zhǔn)建設(shè)了118個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)。目前,我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)的發(fā)展對(duì)整合區(qū)域自然資源和社會(huì)資源,用現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和知識(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)的理念調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、改變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式,帶動(dòng)農(nóng)民增收和促進(jìn)農(nóng)民和諧就業(yè),促進(jìn)區(qū)域體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新等方面起到了非常重要的作用。但是,農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)作為新生事物,是我國(guó)農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和生產(chǎn)力的重大變革,對(duì)其引起的體制機(jī)制變革進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新性探索已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)重要的課題。 本文在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,首先從產(chǎn)業(yè)集群理論、兩次農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化理論、增長(zhǎng)極理論、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與擴(kuò)散理論等理論角度分析了農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)對(duì)促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和區(qū)域創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成的重要作用；然后從產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制創(chuàng)新、科技機(jī)制創(chuàng)新、管理機(jī)制創(chuàng)新、土地利用機(jī)制創(chuàng)新和投融資機(jī)制創(chuàng)新的角度對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)的創(chuàng)新機(jī)制進(jìn)行了深入的研究,旨在建立起農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)動(dòng)態(tài)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作創(chuàng)新機(jī)制；最后以內(nèi)蒙古和林格爾國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)建設(shè)和發(fā)展的實(shí)踐為例,指出了農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)發(fā)展中面臨的主要問(wèn)題和實(shí)現(xiàn)體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新應(yīng)采取的對(duì)策。 本文主要就五方面的機(jī)制創(chuàng)新提出了建議： (1)在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)創(chuàng)新的概念,提出了農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)從企業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展到網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)新,進(jìn)而指出農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)對(duì)區(qū)域創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的重要意義。 (2)提出了農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)應(yīng)該與區(qū)域內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)和農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)協(xié)作創(chuàng)新。農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)以農(nóng)業(yè)高新技術(shù)集成創(chuàng)新、示范和推廣的宗旨決定其具有較強(qiáng)的公益性,不能完全用經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)來(lái)衡量園區(qū)的發(fā)展績(jī)效。然而不搞產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng),又會(huì)出現(xiàn)農(nóng)民和園區(qū)高技術(shù)對(duì)接難、高科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化率低和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益低,難以激發(fā)農(nóng)民的參與動(dòng)力。農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)可依托產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)從科技園區(qū)到產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)再到農(nóng)民的技術(shù)傳播路徑。 (3)提出了大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè),以現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)引領(lǐng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),來(lái)促進(jìn)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)科技創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)。農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是多主體合作的網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)新,科技中介的橋梁作用非常突出�，F(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)可以為科技中介的發(fā)展提供技術(shù)、制度和政策環(huán)境,也能促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新主體的積聚和相互學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制的形成,從而為農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)科技創(chuàng)新提供持續(xù)的動(dòng)力。 (4)提出多元主體共管的網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理模式是農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)的目標(biāo)管理模式。以單一的政府管理模式為主的模式在園區(qū)建設(shè)和發(fā)展的初期階段非常適用,但隨著園區(qū)進(jìn)入新的發(fā)展階段,單一政府管理模式會(huì)降低園區(qū)的管理效率。農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)的管理模式要根據(jù)園區(qū)的發(fā)展階段、區(qū)域市場(chǎng)發(fā)育狀況以及社會(huì)組織的實(shí)力來(lái)適時(shí)調(diào)整。 (5)提出了土地利用機(jī)制創(chuàng)新的途徑。土地利用機(jī)制是土地制度創(chuàng)新的核心,對(duì)園區(qū)的公益性建設(shè)用地應(yīng)以高于市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的補(bǔ)償價(jià)格征用,一方面使土地及其地上建筑具有融資功能,另一方面可減少農(nóng)地浪費(fèi),避免農(nóng)民的土地權(quán)益流失。園區(qū)的生產(chǎn)性用地應(yīng)選擇合作的方式進(jìn)行土地集中。
[Abstract]:As the carrier of developing modern agriculture, agricultural science and technology park is the product of institutional change and institutional innovation. Since 1989, China began to explore the road of establishing agricultural high-tech park in Yucheng, Shandong Province to induce China's rural economic revitalization, regional practice has begun in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and other economically developed areas, which is feasible. At present, the development of agricultural science and Technology Parks in China has brought about the integration of regional natural resources and social resources, the adjustment of agricultural structure with the concept of modern agriculture and knowledge-based agriculture, the change of economic growth mode and the increase of farmers. However, as a new thing, agricultural science and technology park is a major change in the rural production relations and productivity in China. It has become an important subject to explore the innovation of the system and mechanism caused by it.
On the basis of the research on the relevant literature of agricultural science and Technology Parks at home and abroad, this paper firstly analyzes the important role of agricultural science and Technology Parks in promoting regional economic development and forming regional innovation network from the theoretical perspectives of industrial cluster theory, twice agricultural modernization theory, growth pole theory, agricultural technology innovation and diffusion theory, etc. The innovation mechanism of agricultural science and technology park is studied from the angles of industrialization management mechanism innovation, science and technology mechanism innovation, management mechanism innovation, land use mechanism innovation and investment and financing mechanism innovation, aiming at establishing the dynamic network cooperation and innovation mechanism of agricultural science and technology park; finally, the National Agriculture Department of Inner Mongolia and Linger Taking the construction and development of technology parks as an example, this paper points out the main problems in the development of agricultural science and technology parks and the countermeasures to realize the innovation of system and mechanism.
This article mainly puts forward suggestions on five aspects of mechanism innovation:
(1) On the basis of previous studies, the concept of innovation of agricultural science and Technology Park was developed, and the innovation of agricultural science and technology park has been developed from enterprise innovation to network innovation.
(2) Agricultural science and technology parks should cooperate with agricultural industrial parks and agricultural development zones in the region. Agricultural science and technology parks have strong public welfare because of the purpose of integrated innovation, demonstration and promotion of agricultural high and new technology. They can not measure the development performance of the parks entirely by economic benefits and scale management. The agricultural science and technology park can rely on the development foundation of the industrial park to realize the technological communication path from the science and technology park to the industrial park and then to the farmers.
(3) It is proposed that modern service industry should be vigorously developed and modern agriculture should be led by modern service industry to promote scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading of agricultural science and Technology Parks in China. Technological, institutional and policy environments can also promote the accumulation of innovation subjects and the formation of mutual learning mechanisms, thus providing sustained impetus for scientific and technological innovation in agricultural science and technology parks.
(4) It is proposed that the network management mode of multi-subject co-management is the objective management mode of the agricultural science and technology park. The single government management mode is very suitable for the initial stage of the park construction and development, but with the park entering a new stage of development, the single government management mode will reduce the management efficiency of the park. The management mode of the district should be adjusted according to the development stage of the park, the development of regional market and the strength of social organizations.
(5) The way of land use mechanism innovation is put forward. Land use mechanism is the core of land system innovation. The public welfare construction land in the park should be expropriated at a compensation price higher than the market price. On the one hand, the land and its above-ground buildings can have financing function, on the other hand, the waste of farmland can be reduced, and the loss of farmers'land rights and interests can be avoided. The productive land of the park should choose a cooperative way to concentrate the land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.3

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本文編號(hào)：2210618