社會變遷視野下中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 17:22
【摘要】：西方工業(yè)社會發(fā)展規(guī)律表明，中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模的大小是衡量一個國家現(xiàn)代化程度和文明程度的重要指標(biāo)，具有極其重要的社會結(jié)構(gòu)意義。改革開放以來，我國居民內(nèi)部分化明顯，社會結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展趨勢有待探究，，學(xué)界研究中產(chǎn)階層的熱情被點燃。中產(chǎn)階層是一個不斷變化的社會動態(tài)變量，對中產(chǎn)階層的定位和劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一直是研究中產(chǎn)階層重點、難點。但在這一點上，目前學(xué)界還沒有形成較為統(tǒng)一的看法。在對文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理后發(fā)現(xiàn)，以往的研究不僅缺少對中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的系統(tǒng)性研究，還存在簡單借鑒西方研究理論和方法的現(xiàn)象。因此探索適合中國國情的中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，成為本研究的主要內(nèi)容。 本文在梳理了國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國正處在社會轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時期，提出要在社會變遷的視角下把握中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，站在等級社會分層觀的立場認(rèn)識中產(chǎn)階層，選擇中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。結(jié)合前人研究成果，認(rèn)為中產(chǎn)階層是社會地位處在社會結(jié)構(gòu)中間位置的那部分群體，用家庭消費水平代替家庭年均收入水平，將消費水平和職業(yè)類型、學(xué)歷水平作為劃分中產(chǎn)階層的三大指標(biāo)。結(jié)合我國正處在劇烈變遷的時代背景，本文假設(shè)，社會整體性差異、時間變化和社會結(jié)構(gòu)差異會通過分別作用于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、不同時代居民學(xué)歷水平和勞動力市場的分割影響到中產(chǎn)階層的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，表現(xiàn)在使用不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分中產(chǎn)階層，中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模不同。 本文使用CGSS2010年的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)對本文的觀點和假設(shè)進(jìn)行了驗證，結(jié)果證明了用消費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替收入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分中產(chǎn)階層的可靠性，發(fā)現(xiàn)了中產(chǎn)階層的本土化特征，否定了以往用職業(yè)、消費或?qū)W歷等單一因素或者在這三個因素疊加下劃分中產(chǎn)階層的準(zhǔn)確性，指出居民只要滿足上述三種因素中的任意兩種就可以當(dāng)中產(chǎn)階層來對待。證明不同地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展程度會顯著影響到中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和不同年齡段居民學(xué)歷水平雖然不會顯著影響到我國的中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模，但是對我國社會分層結(jié)構(gòu)影響顯著。從整體上證實了本文的研究假設(shè)，為繼續(xù)討論消費、職業(yè)和學(xué)歷水平對我國社會分層、流動的影響留下了很大的空間。 按照本文提出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分中產(chǎn)階層，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國當(dāng)前社會分層結(jié)構(gòu)正處在由傳統(tǒng)金字塔型向現(xiàn)代橄欖型轉(zhuǎn)變的過渡時期，呈“梯形”狀，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)對促進(jìn)中產(chǎn)階層發(fā)展作用明顯，我國應(yīng)繼續(xù)加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，以推進(jìn)社會建設(shè)事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The law of western industrial and social development shows that the size of middle class is an important index to measure the degree of modernization and civilization of a country, and has extremely important social structure significance. Since the reform and opening up, the internal division of Chinese residents is obvious, the development trend of social structure needs to be explored, and the enthusiasm of academic research on the middle class has been ignited. The middle class is a constantly changing social dynamic variable. But at this point, the academic community has not yet formed a more unified view. After combing the literature, it is found that the previous studies are not only lack of systematic research on the criteria of middle class division, but also the phenomenon of drawing lessons from western research theories and methods. Therefore, it is the main content of this study to explore the criteria of middle-class classification suitable for China's national conditions. On the basis of combing the relevant research at home and abroad and combining with the critical period of social transformation in China, this paper puts forward that we should grasp the standard of middle class division from the perspective of social change, and recognize middle class from the standpoint of stratification view of hierarchical society. Select the criteria for middle class division. Combined with the previous research results, the middle class is considered to be the group whose social status is in the middle of the social structure. The average annual income of the family is replaced by the level of household consumption, and the level of consumption and occupation are classified. Education level as a division of the middle class of the three indicators. Considering that our country is in the background of drastic changes, this paper assumes that the differences of social integrity, time and social structure will act on the regional economic structure separately. The educational level of residents in different times and the division of labor market affect the standard of the middle class, which is manifested in the use of different standards to divide the middle class and the scale of the middle class. This paper uses the survey data of CGSS2010 year to verify the viewpoint and hypothesis of this paper. The result proves the reliability of dividing middle class with consumption standard instead of income standard, finds the localization characteristic of middle class, and negates the former occupation. The accuracy of dividing the middle class by single factors such as consumption or education or under the superposition of these three factors points out that residents can be treated as middle class as long as they satisfy any two of the above three factors. It is proved that the development of industrial structure in different regions will significantly affect the scale of the middle class, while the regional economic structure and the educational level of residents of different age groups will not significantly affect the scale of the middle class in China. However, it has a significant influence on the social stratification structure of our country. The hypothesis of this paper is confirmed as a whole, leaving a great space for further discussion on the influence of consumption, occupation and educational level on social stratification and mobility in China. According to the standard proposed in this paper, it is found that the current social stratification structure of our country is in the transition period from traditional pyramid type to modern olive type, with the shape of "trapezoid", and the role of industrial structure in promoting the development of middle class is obvious. China should continue to speed up the transformation of economic development mode and industrial structure adjustment in order to promote the development of social construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D663
本文編號：2177699
[Abstract]:The law of western industrial and social development shows that the size of middle class is an important index to measure the degree of modernization and civilization of a country, and has extremely important social structure significance. Since the reform and opening up, the internal division of Chinese residents is obvious, the development trend of social structure needs to be explored, and the enthusiasm of academic research on the middle class has been ignited. The middle class is a constantly changing social dynamic variable. But at this point, the academic community has not yet formed a more unified view. After combing the literature, it is found that the previous studies are not only lack of systematic research on the criteria of middle class division, but also the phenomenon of drawing lessons from western research theories and methods. Therefore, it is the main content of this study to explore the criteria of middle-class classification suitable for China's national conditions. On the basis of combing the relevant research at home and abroad and combining with the critical period of social transformation in China, this paper puts forward that we should grasp the standard of middle class division from the perspective of social change, and recognize middle class from the standpoint of stratification view of hierarchical society. Select the criteria for middle class division. Combined with the previous research results, the middle class is considered to be the group whose social status is in the middle of the social structure. The average annual income of the family is replaced by the level of household consumption, and the level of consumption and occupation are classified. Education level as a division of the middle class of the three indicators. Considering that our country is in the background of drastic changes, this paper assumes that the differences of social integrity, time and social structure will act on the regional economic structure separately. The educational level of residents in different times and the division of labor market affect the standard of the middle class, which is manifested in the use of different standards to divide the middle class and the scale of the middle class. This paper uses the survey data of CGSS2010 year to verify the viewpoint and hypothesis of this paper. The result proves the reliability of dividing middle class with consumption standard instead of income standard, finds the localization characteristic of middle class, and negates the former occupation. The accuracy of dividing the middle class by single factors such as consumption or education or under the superposition of these three factors points out that residents can be treated as middle class as long as they satisfy any two of the above three factors. It is proved that the development of industrial structure in different regions will significantly affect the scale of the middle class, while the regional economic structure and the educational level of residents of different age groups will not significantly affect the scale of the middle class in China. However, it has a significant influence on the social stratification structure of our country. The hypothesis of this paper is confirmed as a whole, leaving a great space for further discussion on the influence of consumption, occupation and educational level on social stratification and mobility in China. According to the standard proposed in this paper, it is found that the current social stratification structure of our country is in the transition period from traditional pyramid type to modern olive type, with the shape of "trapezoid", and the role of industrial structure in promoting the development of middle class is obvious. China should continue to speed up the transformation of economic development mode and industrial structure adjustment in order to promote the development of social construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D663
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 李強;;改革開放30年來中國社會分層結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷[J];北京社會科學(xué);2008年05期
2 張志敏;1978年以來中國居民消費變化及影響因素分析[J];商業(yè)研究;2003年24期
3 俞路;蔣元濤;;我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差異的時空分析——基于全國與三大都市圈的對比研究[J];財經(jīng)研究;2007年03期
4 吳三忙;李善同;;中國地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)差距演變特征及其形成結(jié)構(gòu)分解:1978-2007[J];貴州社會科學(xué);2010年01期
5 劉剛;劉慧;;我國東中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展格局比較分析[J];調(diào)研世界;2012年08期
6 張宛麗,李煒,高鴿;現(xiàn)階段中國社會新中間階層的構(gòu)成特征[J];江蘇社會科學(xué);2004年06期
7 劉祖云;胡蓉;;權(quán)力資源與社會分層:一項對中國中部城市的社會分層研究[J];江蘇社會科學(xué);2006年06期
8 李路路;王宇;;當(dāng)代中國中間階層的社會存在:社會生活狀況[J];江蘇社會科學(xué);2009年01期
9 李冀;嚴(yán)漢平;;中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差異演進(jìn)趨勢分析——基于政策導(dǎo)向和收斂速度的雙重視角[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)問題;2010年12期
10 劉毅;;中產(chǎn)階層的界定方法及實證測度——以珠江三角洲為例[J];開放時代;2006年04期
本文編號：2177699
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/jingjilunwen/quyujingjilunwen/2177699.html
最近更新
教材專著
