【摘要】：陜豫鄂毗鄰區(qū)地處我國東西部和南北方的過渡區(qū)域,位于漢江流域的中上游地區(qū),境內資源種類豐富多樣。自民國初至21世紀南水北調移民搬遷的結束,在一個世紀的歷程中,毗鄰區(qū)的發(fā)展逐步走向衰弱,地區(qū)發(fā)展的不平衡性凸顯,區(qū)域人地關系日益緊張,逐漸成為內陸腹地發(fā)展中的邊緣地帶和貧困地區(qū)。區(qū)域的發(fā)展受到氣候、土地、水文、資源等自然因素和人口、交通、城鎮(zhèn)、政治等社會因素的制約,無論是自然因素還是社會因素都是在不斷地變化中,受自然規(guī)律控制的地理環(huán)境和受社會發(fā)展規(guī)律控制的人類生產活動之間的相互作用共同決定了區(qū)域發(fā)展的歷史進程。民國時期,陜豫鄂毗鄰區(qū)的地貌環(huán)境為人口的增殖提供了地理條件,并受社會環(huán)境的影響和驅使,人口的增減變化刺激了區(qū)域空間的進一步拓展。然而,近代新式交通的變革,打破了區(qū)域的傳統(tǒng)空間結構,毗鄰區(qū)區(qū)位交通的重要性下降。依靠交通發(fā)展的省域、流域貿易勢衰,傳統(tǒng)的農副產品交換市場地位被取代,憑借道路維系的城鎮(zhèn)以及建立在此基礎上的層級貿易體系走向了沒落。經濟的衰退,時局的動蕩,進一步激化了毗鄰區(qū)社會矛盾,致使匪亂叢生,社會秩序趨向失衡和失控。這一系列連續(xù)的社會變化對毗鄰區(qū)的經濟結構、生計方式和人地關系產生了重要影響。水田減少,旱地作物被推廣,經濟作物成了民眾增加收入來源的重要補充。過度的農業(yè)開發(fā)造成了區(qū)域嚴重的生態(tài)后果,土壤貧瘠,水土流失加劇,旱澇災害頻發(fā)。由于生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡化,區(qū)域的經濟發(fā)展更趨艱難,民眾生活也愈益貧困。新中國建立以后,毗鄰區(qū)的社會發(fā)展逐漸步入正軌,人口數量在經歷三十年的爆炸性增長之后趨于平穩(wěn)。區(qū)域內新式道路交通得到建設發(fā)展,陸路運輸成為溝通貿易的主要方式。城鎮(zhèn)重新布局,并興起了一批新的工業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)。同時,南水北調等國家工程的建設,對區(qū)域發(fā)展及域內人地關系帶來了新的影響。人口變遷改變了原有的社會組織關系和生產方式,區(qū)域發(fā)展和生態(tài)保護因人地關系的改變面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:The adjacent region of Shaanxi-Henan and Hubei Province is located in the transitional region of east, west, south and north of China, and is located in the upper and middle reaches of the Hanjiang River basin. From the beginning of the Republic of China to the end of the relocation of the South-to-North Water transfer in the 21st century, in the course of a century, the development of adjacent areas has gradually weakened, the imbalance of regional development has become prominent, and the relationship between people and land in the region has become increasingly tense. Gradually become the hinterland of the development of the edge of the interior and poverty areas. The development of the region is restricted by natural factors such as climate, land, hydrology, resources and social factors such as population, transportation, towns, politics, etc., whether natural factors or social factors are constantly changing. The interaction between the geographical environment controlled by natural laws and the human production activities controlled by the law of social development jointly determines the historical process of regional development. During the period of the Republic of China, the geomorphological environment in the adjacent areas of Shaanxi, Henan and Hubei provided geographical conditions for the population growth, and was influenced and driven by the social environment. The increase and decrease of population stimulated the further development of regional space. However, the transformation of modern traffic has broken the traditional spatial structure of the region, and the importance of adjacent regional traffic has declined. With the development of transportation and the decline of river basin trade, the traditional market position of agricultural and sideline product exchange has been replaced, and the cities and towns maintained by the road and the hierarchical trade system established on this basis have gone into decline. The economic recession and the turbulence in the current situation further intensified the social contradictions in the adjacent areas, resulting in banditry, social order tend to imbalance and out of control. This series of continuous social changes have had an important impact on the economic structure, livelihood patterns and human-land relations in adjacent areas. With fewer paddy fields and widespread dryland crops, cash crops are an important supplement to increasing people's income sources. Excessive agricultural development has caused serious ecological consequences in the region, soil is poor, soil erosion intensifies, drought and flood disasters occur frequently. Because of the deterioration of ecological environment, the regional economic development is more difficult, and the people's life is becoming more and more poor. After the founding of New China, the social development of the adjacent areas was gradually on the right track, and the population grew steadily after three decades of explosive growth. New road traffic in the region has been built and developed, and land transport has become the main way to communicate trade. Cities and towns were reorganized and a number of new industrial towns emerged. At the same time, the construction of South-to-North Water transfer and other national projects has brought new influence to the regional development and the relationship between man and land in the region. The population change has changed the original social organization relation and the mode of production, the regional development and the ecological protection face the new challenge because of the change of the man-land relation.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K928.6

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