本文選題：高速鐵路 + 碳排放��； 參考：《中國人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年09期

【摘要】：二氧化碳等溫室氣體排放備受世界關(guān)注,新形勢(shì)下低碳發(fā)展成為中國發(fā)展路徑的新選擇,而高速鐵路是長距離運(yùn)輸?shù)吞蓟木唧w體現(xiàn)。基于運(yùn)營階段的行車碳排放換算,綜合考慮多種交通工具的實(shí)際運(yùn)載能力、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)行速度等指標(biāo),分析中國高速鐵路行車運(yùn)營的減碳效果及經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境互饋影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)以單位運(yùn)輸能耗量及該能源的碳排放系數(shù)計(jì)算,中國高速鐵路行車與其余交通運(yùn)輸方式相比具有顯著減碳效果,其百公里人均碳排放量約為航空運(yùn)輸?shù)?/5和高速公路運(yùn)輸?shù)?/3,且隨著中國能源結(jié)構(gòu)的逐步優(yōu)化,減碳效果將會(huì)愈發(fā)凸顯。(2)結(jié)合中國旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量比例進(jìn)行折算,自2008年至2015年高速鐵路運(yùn)輸累計(jì)減碳2 610萬t,從空間上看,省域差距明顯,高速鐵路運(yùn)輸繁忙的京滬線及京廣線沿線地區(qū),成為2015年高速鐵路行車運(yùn)營減碳效果的高值區(qū),亦由此呈現(xiàn)出帶狀聚鄰的正空間自相關(guān)性。(3)高速鐵路運(yùn)營產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的良性互饋影響,一方面環(huán)境優(yōu)化具有潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,2008—2015年的減碳效果相當(dāng)于降低碳交易成本逾10億元,其綠色設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用也益于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展;另一方面高速鐵路運(yùn)營經(jīng)濟(jì)收益具有潛在環(huán)境補(bǔ)償能力,2008—2015年累計(jì)對(duì)區(qū)域節(jié)能環(huán)保支出貢獻(xiàn)逾30億元,其中高值區(qū)以中國中部地區(qū)為主,空間分布呈斜T字型結(jié)構(gòu),其成因與地區(qū)節(jié)能環(huán)保支出占比、出行結(jié)構(gòu)等因素相關(guān)�；谏鲜龇治霾⒔Y(jié)合中國發(fā)展的客觀實(shí)際,提出合理增強(qiáng)高速鐵路運(yùn)輸效能、繼續(xù)優(yōu)化能源供給結(jié)構(gòu)等優(yōu)化對(duì)策,以期從出行視角為中國低碳發(fā)展提供交通領(lǐng)域的理論支撐。
[Abstract]:Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have attracted the attention of the world. Under the new situation, low-carbon development has become a new choice for China's development path, and high-speed railway is the concrete embodiment of low-carbon long-distance transportation. Based on the conversion of driving carbon emissions in operation stage, considering the actual transportation capacity and standard operating speed of many kinds of vehicles, this paper analyzes the effect of carbon reduction and economic environment interaction of high-speed railway operation in China. The study found that based on the energy consumption per unit of transport and the carbon emission coefficient of the energy, China's high-speed railway traffic has a significant carbon reduction effect compared with the other modes of transportation. Its per capita carbon emissions of 100 km are about a fifth of that of air transportation and one-third of that of highway transport, and with the gradual optimization of China's energy structure, the carbon reduction effect will become more prominent. From 2008 to 2015, the total carbon reduction of high-speed railway transportation was 26.1 million tons. From the space perspective, the gap between provincial areas is obvious. The areas along the busy Beijing-Shanghai and Beijing-Guangzhou lines of high-speed railway transport have become the high-value areas for the carbon reduction effect of high-speed railway operations in 2015. It also presents the positive spatial autocorrelation of the zonal convergent neighbors. 3) the operation of the high-speed railway has a benign reciprocal effect on the economic environment. On the one hand, environmental optimization has potential economic benefits and the carbon reduction effect from 2008 to 2015 is equivalent to reducing carbon trading cost by more than 1 billion yuan, and its green design and application are also beneficial to regional economic development. On the other hand, the economic benefits of high-speed railway operation have the potential environmental compensation ability. From 2008 to 2015, it has contributed more than 3 billion yuan to the regional energy saving and environmental protection expenditure, in which the high value area is mainly in the central part of China, and the spatial distribution is inclined T-shaped structure. Its causes are related to the proportion of regional energy saving and environmental protection expenditure, travel structure and other factors. Based on the above analysis and the objective reality of China's development, this paper puts forward some optimization countermeasures, such as improving the efficiency of high-speed railway transportation and optimizing the energy supply structure, so as to provide theoretical support for the development of low-carbon transportation in China from the perspective of travel.
【作者單位】： 山東師范大學(xué)地理與環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金“高速交通對(duì)城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)演變的影響與優(yōu)化研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):41371170) 山東省軟科學(xué)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“基于多元大數(shù)據(jù)的濟(jì)南交通擁堵問題與優(yōu)化對(duì)策研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):2016RKB01438) 山東師范大學(xué)研究生科研創(chuàng)新基金“基于多元數(shù)據(jù)的高速交通與區(qū)域發(fā)展互動(dòng)影響研究——以山東省為例”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):SCX201727)
【分類號(hào)】：F124;F532;X322
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本文編號(hào)：2029335