本文選題：民族地區(qū) + 金融支持政策��； 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：民族是人類歷史進(jìn)程中特定階段的社會存在形式,它從文化、政治等各個(gè)層面影響著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,而經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展又是民族存在和演化的基礎(chǔ)。在我國,少數(shù)民族通常指的是除國家中人數(shù)最多的民族——漢族以外的民族。近年來,國家高度重視少數(shù)民族和少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的發(fā)展,在民族區(qū)域自治制度的基礎(chǔ)上,給予了少數(shù)民族和少數(shù)民族地區(qū)一系列優(yōu)惠政策,推動(dòng)了中國少數(shù)民族經(jīng)濟(jì)社會事業(yè)的發(fā)展。 然而,由于少數(shù)民族地區(qū)多為自然環(huán)境惡劣地區(qū),人口、資源稟賦本就不足,又受到歷史、文化、宗教等諸多社會因素的影響,相對于我國東、中部發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)而言,民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展仍然處于落后狀態(tài),且民族地區(qū)內(nèi)部也存在著巨大的發(fā)展差異。在新的發(fā)展形勢下,我國面臨著加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、全面建成小康社會的艱巨任務(wù),這都要求進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展。 在加快少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的過程中,金融發(fā)展的重要性毋庸置疑。在學(xué)界看來,金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展存在相互影響、彼此推進(jìn)的關(guān)系。如何選擇正確的金融發(fā)展模式,如何采取恰當(dāng)?shù)慕鹑诎l(fā)展方式,如何制定適配的金融支持政策,將是民族地區(qū)當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中的重要問題。但是,我國民族地區(qū)不同于漢族聚居區(qū),有其獨(dú)特的歷史、宗教、文化等社會因素。這對金融、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程將產(chǎn)生重要影響,使得其具有一定的復(fù)雜性和特殊性。 目前,我國民族地區(qū)的金融支持政策相對單一,學(xué)界針對民族自治地區(qū)金融支持政策研究也相對不足。在民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中,金融支持政策的制定往往缺乏市場導(dǎo)向,呈現(xiàn)出發(fā)展模式趨同化,機(jī)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品單一化的特征。同時(shí),這些政策也很少考慮到民族地區(qū)內(nèi)部發(fā)展差異,以及宗教、文化和歷史的差別。這勢必會弱化金融發(fā)展對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用,甚至形成制約作用。這就需要探討民族地區(qū)金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的適配問題,即對特定經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)下的民族地區(qū),針對性地選擇與之適配的金融支持政策,使金融發(fā)展不脫離經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,并最終推動(dòng)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。 本文選擇以少數(shù)民族地區(qū)為研究對象,來分析金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的適配問題,主要是運(yùn)用我國民族自治地方的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。首先,通過理論分析和實(shí)證研究,證實(shí)了當(dāng)前民族地區(qū)金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展存在不適配關(guān)系；其次,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了在民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展決定著金融發(fā)展,金融發(fā)展必須遵循著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的空間分異規(guī)律；再次,運(yùn)用地理學(xué)分析方法基于縣域尺度對民族地區(qū)進(jìn)行空間關(guān)聯(lián)程度分類；最后,在分類基礎(chǔ)上,說明如何運(yùn)用差異化金融支持政策這一手段達(dá)到金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的適配。 本文分為五個(gè)部分,共有八個(gè)章節(jié),具體是： 第一部分為緒論和第一章,是本文的研究基礎(chǔ),主要是對本文研究進(jìn)行一些基本介紹。緒論主要介紹了本文的研究意義和背景,界定了相關(guān)研究概念,并對全文的研究思路、內(nèi)容、結(jié)論等進(jìn)行了描述。第一章就相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述,總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有研究視角,發(fā)現(xiàn)對民族地區(qū)的定量研究不充分、方法較單一,為本文的研究開展提供了很好的依據(jù)。 第二部分為相關(guān)理論闡述及現(xiàn)狀分析,包含第二章和第三章。第二章主要對國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行闡述,包括區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展理論和發(fā)展金融學(xué)理論。這些理論為民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供了很多借鑒之處,也從側(cè)面為金融支持政策制定提供了參考。第三章分析了民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,回顧了現(xiàn)有支持政策,特別是現(xiàn)有金融、財(cái)政支持政策的安排,有利于后文對民族地區(qū)金融與經(jīng)濟(jì)的適配性探討。 第三部分為民族地區(qū)金融與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展適配性研究,包含第四、五章,從理論和實(shí)證兩個(gè)方面證明了二者處于不適配階段。其中,第四章從理論方面對二者的適配關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析,闡述了民族地區(qū)的適配原則與不適配的表現(xiàn)。第五章從實(shí)證方面進(jìn)一步論證二者的不適配關(guān)系,即運(yùn)用分省域的民族自治地方數(shù)據(jù),對民族地區(qū)金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展關(guān)系進(jìn)行探討。實(shí)證結(jié)果顯示,在民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展主要決定著金融發(fā)展,而金融發(fā)展又對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長具有制約作用。同時(shí),門檻檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果也顯示,金融對經(jīng)濟(jì)的這種制約作用具有門檻效用。即經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在較高水平或較低水平時(shí),這種制約作用相對較小。 第四部分對民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差異性進(jìn)行研究,將民族地區(qū)分成5類區(qū)域——擴(kuò)散型、傳染型、凹陷型、極化型和孤島型(包括不顯著),主要內(nèi)容見第六章。這一部分主要采用的是經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)研究方法,運(yùn)用空間探索數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)對民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展空間分異過程進(jìn)行研究。首先基于分縣域的民族自治地方數(shù)據(jù),采用民族人口占比、平均海拔、年降水量、年平均氣溫等指標(biāo)間接衡量了影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的社會因素。這些社會因素由各民族地區(qū)特有的風(fēng)俗、文化、宗教等構(gòu)成,以復(fù)合的多層級的指標(biāo)體系對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平進(jìn)行了綜合評分。其次使用經(jīng)濟(jì)地理研究上常用的工具和方法,本章以縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平得分為屬性值,分析少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的空間分異規(guī)律,并由局部空間關(guān)聯(lián)程度對民族地區(qū)進(jìn)行劃分。 第五部分包括第七、八章,提出五種有針對性的金融支持政策實(shí)現(xiàn)金融與經(jīng)濟(jì)的適配——鞏固型、穩(wěn)健型、澆灌型、外溢型和開發(fā)型,同時(shí)包含本文的主要觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論。第七章主要選取了美國、日本、德國等國家或地區(qū)的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行研究,為我國少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的相關(guān)金融支持政策總結(jié)出相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)。在這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,第八章提出實(shí)行差異化的的金融支持政策。按照第六章劃分出民族地區(qū)的五種類型區(qū)域,分別實(shí)行與之適配的金融支持政策。 本文可能的創(chuàng)新在于：第一,考慮民族地區(qū)內(nèi)部差異,為其提供差異化的金融支持政策選擇。民族地區(qū)現(xiàn)有金融支持政策趨同化嚴(yán)重,無法實(shí)現(xiàn)金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的適配,因此本文提出金融支持的差異化戰(zhàn)略——實(shí)行鞏固、穩(wěn)健、澆灌、外溢和開發(fā)型金融支持政策,這些不同金融支持政策共同有機(jī)的構(gòu)成了金融支持體系。第二,以民族自治地方數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,縣域尺度測度民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)差異,使研究更為精確。比起以往文獻(xiàn)中常以5大自治區(qū)、或多民族省份為研究對象,本文采用民族自治地方的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行研究、分析,既具有區(qū)域概念,又具有政治內(nèi)涵。同時(shí)以縣域?yàn)槌叨?將與民族相關(guān)的社會屬性納入考量,進(jìn)行大量數(shù)據(jù)處理,使得研究更加精確。第三,跨學(xué)科運(yùn)用多元化的方法及工具,探討民族地區(qū)發(fā)展問題,完善現(xiàn)有研究視角。本文在實(shí)證研究的過程中,既運(yùn)用到計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行面板數(shù)據(jù)分析,又使用了經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)的探索性空間數(shù)據(jù)分析(DESA),得出一些可靠的實(shí)證結(jié)論。同時(shí),用GeoDa軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了民族地區(qū)各類型區(qū)域的劃分與識別。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the state attaches great importance to the development of national minorities and minority areas , and has given a series of preferential policies to ethnic minorities and minority areas on the basis of the regional autonomy system , which has promoted the development of the economic and social undertakings of ethnic minorities in China .

However , because the minority nationality areas are the poor areas of the natural environment , the population and the resource endowment are insufficient , and are influenced by many social factors such as history , culture and religion . In the developed regions of China , the economic development of the minority areas is still in a backward state , and there are huge differences in development in the national regions . In the new development situation , China is facing the arduous task of accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode and building a well - off society in a comprehensive way , which demands further promotion of the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas .

In the process of speeding up the economic development of ethnic minority areas , the importance of financial development is no doubt . In the view of academic circles , the relationship between financial development and economic development has mutual influence . How to choose the correct financial development mode , how to adopt proper financial development mode , how to formulate the adapted financial support policy will be the important problem in the current economic development of ethnic regions . However , the process of development of financial and economic development will have important influence on the financial and economic development process , so that it has certain complexity and particularity .

At present , the financial support policy of ethnic minority areas is relatively single , and the study of financial support policy is relatively insufficient in the academic circle . In the process of national economy development , the development of financial support policy often lacks market guidance , and the differences of religion , culture and history are taken into account .

This paper chooses to study the adaptation problem of financial development and economic development by taking minority areas as the research object , mainly through the empirical analysis of the basic data of national autonomous areas in our country . First , through theoretical analysis and empirical research , it is proved that there is no adaptation relation between financial development and economic development in the current ethnic region ;
Secondly , it is further confirmed that the economic development in the minority areas determines the financial development , and the financial development must abide by the spatial diversity of the economic development ;
Thirdly , applying the geography analysis method to classify the spatial correlation degree based on the county scale ;
Finally , on the basis of classification , how to apply differentiated financial support policy to achieve the adaptation of financial development and economic development .

This article is divided into five parts , with eight chapters , in particular :

The first part is the introduction and the first chapter . It is the research foundation of this paper , which mainly introduces the research significance and background of this paper . The introduction mainly introduces the research significance and the background , defines the relevant research concept , summarizes the research thoughts , contents and conclusions of the whole text . Chapter one summarizes the current research perspective , finds out that the quantitative research in the minority areas is insufficient , the method is relatively simple , and provides a good basis for the study of this paper .

The second part describes the relevant theories and the present situation analysis , including the second chapter and the third chapter . The second chapter mainly expounds the relevant theories at home and abroad , including the theory of regional economic development and the development finance theory .

The third part studies the adaptation of financial and economic development in the minority areas , including the fourth chapter , the fifth chapter , from both the theory and the positive aspects to prove that the two are in the non - adaptation stage . The fourth chapter discusses the adaptation principle and the non - adaptation of the ethnic region .

The fourth part studies the differences of economic development in the minority areas , and divides the ethnic areas into five types of regional _ diffusion , infectious , concave , polarized and isolated islands ( including not significant ) . This part mainly adopts the economic geography research method , uses spatial exploration data analysis technology to comprehensively grade the economic development level . Secondly , this chapter takes county economic development level as attribute value , analyzes the spatial diversity law of economic development in the minority areas , and divides the ethnic areas by the degree of local spatial correlation .

The fifth part includes five chapters , eight chapters , five kinds of targeted financial support policies to realize the adaptation of finance and economy _ consolidation type , stable type , pouring type , overflow type and development type , including the main viewpoints and conclusions of this paper . Chapter 7 mainly selects the relevant experience and lessons of relevant financial support policy in the minority areas of our country . On the basis of these experiences , Chapter 8 puts forward the financial support policy of differentiation . According to the sixth chapter , we divided the five types of regions in the minority areas , and carry out the financial support policy which is adapted to them .

Based on the analysis of the local data of national autonomous region , this paper studies and analyses the social attributes of ethnic autonomous areas , and makes the research more accurate .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.7

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