本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的空間差異及影響因素研究　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 創(chuàng)新績(jī)效 空間分布格局 科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化 空間溢出效應(yīng)

【摘要】：雖然我國(guó)科技創(chuàng)新能力一直保持上升態(tài)勢(shì)，創(chuàng)新規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)明顯，創(chuàng)新結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，但創(chuàng)新水平與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家差距依然較大。尤其需要注意的是，相當(dāng)一部分科研成果并沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際生產(chǎn)力，使得技術(shù)創(chuàng)新并未真正實(shí)現(xiàn)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的協(xié)同發(fā)展。為此，十八大報(bào)告提出“要加快形成新的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式”、“著力增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展新動(dòng)力”、“使經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展更多依靠科技進(jìn)步”。這不但要求強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新投入，提高研發(fā)效率，更本質(zhì)的要求是增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的驅(qū)動(dòng)作用。 基于上述現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，本論文站在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的立場(chǎng)上，以增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)力為導(dǎo)向，以區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新為研究主線，在空間經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論及空間計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的空間分布格局及演進(jìn)、空間格局存在的內(nèi)在機(jī)理、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的影響因素等進(jìn)行了深入研究，試圖回答以下問(wèn)題：如何合理界定與度量我國(guó)各省級(jí)區(qū)域的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效？我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效具有哪些空間分布特征？造成這種空間分布的內(nèi)在機(jī)理及影響因素有哪些？在區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效空間分布及演進(jìn)過(guò)程中，作為重要影響因素的科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化與空間溢出扮演了何種角色？ 為合理度量我國(guó)各省級(jí)區(qū)域的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效，首先，區(qū)分了區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力與區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的內(nèi)涵，將區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力界定為技術(shù)創(chuàng)新潛力結(jié)合技術(shù)創(chuàng)新資源與環(huán)境，形成技術(shù)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出的過(guò)程，而區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效是指技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力通過(guò)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，結(jié)合市場(chǎng)資源，轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的過(guò)程。然后，構(gòu)建了區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力與實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力包括技術(shù)創(chuàng)新潛力與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出，實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)效益則包括宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出與創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出價(jià)值。最后，采用SFA及基于標(biāo)度無(wú)關(guān)視角的回歸模型兩種方法測(cè)算了我國(guó)各省的區(qū)域創(chuàng)新績(jī)效，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)各省的區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效存在較大的非效率問(wèn)題。 為考察我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的空間分布特征，首先，基于區(qū)域空間經(jīng)濟(jì)分析理論，運(yùn)用基尼系數(shù)度量我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的空間結(jié)構(gòu)，運(yùn)用Moran指數(shù)、Geary指數(shù)分析我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的空間關(guān)聯(lián)性，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效存在空間分布不均、空間集中性較高等情況，大多數(shù)區(qū)域的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效表現(xiàn)為穩(wěn)定的空間關(guān)聯(lián)模式。然后，基于梯度理論，將我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效分為高績(jī)效、次高績(jī)效、中等績(jī)效、低績(jī)效、差績(jī)效5個(gè)等級(jí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)存在比較明顯的區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效梯度差，呈“兩頭少，中間多”的分布形狀。最后，為實(shí)現(xiàn)各區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，基于經(jīng)濟(jì)收斂理論，構(gòu)建了我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的收斂理論模型，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)區(qū)域創(chuàng)新績(jī)效存在條件β收斂，即雖然我國(guó)各區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效存在非平衡性，但控制部分外生變量后，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的區(qū)域差異可能會(huì)不斷縮小。 為尋找我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效空間分布的形成機(jī)理及影響因素，，首先，基于自組織機(jī)制與動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，分析了我國(guó)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的初始勢(shì)位階段、能量需求階段、能量重組階段、新勢(shì)位階段四個(gè)自組織演進(jìn)過(guò)程，及推動(dòng)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效空間結(jié)構(gòu)演變的相互作用、自身積累與外部動(dòng)力三大動(dòng)力源，在這些動(dòng)力因素及勢(shì)位的隨機(jī)漲落過(guò)程中，產(chǎn)生了區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的聚集或離散現(xiàn)象。然后，從宏觀因素、微觀因素及關(guān)聯(lián)因素三個(gè)角度總結(jié)歸納了區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的影響因素。宏觀因素主要包括市場(chǎng)化程度、金融環(huán)境、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度、科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化率、人力資本水平等。微觀角度的影響因素主要有企業(yè)管理制度、企業(yè)科研投入、企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)等。系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的協(xié)同與區(qū)域之間的空間溢出是影響區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的關(guān)聯(lián)因素。 為考察上述影響因素在區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效空間差異中的作用，以科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化、空間外溢作為宏觀因素和關(guān)聯(lián)因素的主要代表，度量了科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化與空間溢出對(duì)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的影響。首先，明確界定與測(cè)算了科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化率，分析了科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化的正向與負(fù)向作用機(jī)制，并通過(guò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效影響因素實(shí)證模型估計(jì)了科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化影響區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的總體效應(yīng)，然后從地理區(qū)域、經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域、自相關(guān)區(qū)域三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行了區(qū)域差異性估計(jì)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國(guó)平均的科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化率相對(duì)較低；科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化率對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出存在促進(jìn)作用，但也存在一定的負(fù)向效應(yīng)；在東部區(qū)域、創(chuàng)新績(jī)效較高區(qū)域、高高自相關(guān)區(qū)域和高低自相關(guān)區(qū)域，科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化率推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)發(fā)展的作用相對(duì)較大。然后，從聚集與離散兩個(gè)角度分析區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效外溢的簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)制，建立了A、B兩個(gè)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效相互影響的數(shù)理模型，運(yùn)用空間面板計(jì)量方法考察了空間外溢對(duì)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的影響。結(jié)果表明，區(qū)域A有可能從區(qū)域B的高質(zhì)量資源與優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)位中獲益，但區(qū)域A的優(yōu)質(zhì)資源也有可能被區(qū)域B“削弱”，不管是地理鄰近、經(jīng)濟(jì)相似還是績(jī)效接近區(qū)域，區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效空間分布存在較顯著的空間關(guān)聯(lián)性，而且經(jīng)濟(jì)特征相似區(qū)域的空間溢出效應(yīng)最大。
[Abstract]:Although China's scientific and technological innovation ability has maintained an upward trend, innovation size increased significantly, innovation to optimize the structure, but the level of innovation gap with developed countries is still large. Especially need attention, a considerable part of the research results and not into actual productivity, the technological innovation has not really realize the coordinated development of economic growth and therefore. Eighteen, the report put forward "to accelerate the formation of a new mode of economic development", "strengthen the innovation driven development momentum", "economic development and more rely on scientific and technological progress". This requires not only strong innovation investment, improve the efficiency of research and development, the essential requirement is to strengthen the driving role of innovation on macro economy sustainable development.
Based on the above problems, this paper is in the sustainable development of China's economic position, to enhance the driving force of innovation oriented, focusing on studying the regional technological innovation, in spatial economics theory and spatial econometrics on the basis of the distribution pattern and evolution of technology innovation performance of China's regional space, the internal mechanism of the spatial pattern of existence the influence of technological innovation performance factors are studied deeply, trying to answer the following questions: how to define and measure China's provincial regional technological innovation performance? The technological innovation performance of China's regional distribution characteristics with which space? Cause the inherent mechanism and the affecting factors of the spatial distribution of what? In the regional technological innovation performance the spatial distribution and evolution process, as an important factor in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and spatial spillover played what role?
To measure the performance of technological innovation, the provincial regional reasonable first, distinguish the connotation of regional technological innovation capacity and regional innovation performance, the regional technological innovation ability to define a combination of technological innovation resources and environment for technological innovation potential, the formation process of technological innovation, and the performance of regional technological innovation refers to the technical innovation ability through the market mechanism, combined with the market resources into actual economic benefits. Then, the regional technological innovation ability and actual economic benefit. The evaluation index system of regional technology innovation ability including technology innovation potential and technological innovation, the actual economic benefits include macro economic output and innovation output value. Finally, using SFA and regression model scaling from the perspective of two methods based on estimates of regional innovation performance of all provinces in China, found that regional technology of all provinces in China There is a large inefficiency problem in innovation performance.
In order to investigate the performance of technological innovation in China's regional spatial distribution characteristics, firstly, theoretical analysis of regional economy based on the spatial structure of China's regional technological innovation performance metric of the Gini coefficient, using Moran index, analysis of spatial correlation between the performance of technological innovation in China's regional Geary index, found the uneven spatial distribution of technology innovation performance in the area of spatial concentration is higher, the technological innovation performance of most areas for spatial association mode stability. Then, based on the gradient theory, the performance of technological innovation in our country is divided into high performance, high performance, moderate performance, low performance, poor performance of the 5 grade, found the performance of regional technological innovation the obvious difference is gradient, "two small, intermediate shape distribution". Finally, in order to realize the coordinated development of the regional economic convergence, based on the theory of the construction of China "s regional. The convergence theory model of innovation performance shows that conditional innovation convergence exists in China's regional innovation performance. That is, although regional technological innovation performance is unbalanced in China, the regional differences of technological innovation performance will continue to shrink after controlling some exogenous variables.
In order to find the formation mechanism and influencing factors, the spatial distribution of regional technological innovation performance in China first, self organization mechanism and dynamics model based on the analysis of the initial performance of technological innovation in China's regional potential energy demand stage, stage, stage of energy restructuring, new potential stage four self organization evolution process, and promote interaction the performance of regional technological innovation of the evolution of the spatial structure, self accumulation and external power three power source, in the process of random fluctuation of these factors and potential in the area of technological innovation performance of the aggregation or discrete phenomena. Then, from three aspects of macro factors, micro factors and factors related to summarizes the influencing factors of regional the technological innovation performance. The macroscopic factors include the degree of marketization, financial environment, intellectual property protection system, the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, the level of human capital. The micro angle The main influencing factors include enterprise management system, enterprise research investment and enterprise organization structure, etc.
To investigate the influence factors of differences in regional innovation performance function in the space, with the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, spatial spillover as the main representative of the macro factors and associated factors, to measure the influence of scientific and technological achievements transformation and spatial spillover on regional innovation performance. Firstly, define and measure the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, analysis of science and technology the transformation of positive and negative mechanism, and through technological innovation performance influencing factors empirical model to estimate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements affect the overall effect of regional technological innovation performance, and then from the geographical region, economic region, from three angles of the relevant regional regional difference estimation. The results showed that the average of China's scientific and technological achievements the conversion rate is relatively low; the rate of scientific and technological achievements has promoting effect on economic output, but also has some negative effects in the eastern region, innovation performance; High efficiency area, high and low autocorrelation autocorrelation of regional area, the rate of scientific and technological achievements to promote the sustainable development of economy and the long-term effect is relatively large. Then, from the simple mechanism of agglomeration of regional technological innovation performance and the discrete two angles of spillover, established mathematical model of B two A, the performance of regional technological innovation influence each other and the spatial panel econometric method to investigate the spatial spillover effect on regional innovation performance. The results show that A may benefit the high quality resources and location advantage from the area of the B, but the quality of resource area A may also be B "weakened", regardless of geographical proximity, similar or close to economic performance the spatial distribution of regional, regional technological innovation performance has significant spatial correlation, and similar economic characteristics of regional spatial spillover effects.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F124.3

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