【摘要】：耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測是在農(nóng)用地質(zhì)量分等和土地資源調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上針對耕地質(zhì)量可能發(fā)生的變化進(jìn)行的動態(tài)監(jiān)測工作,這項工作不僅僅是對已經(jīng)完成的農(nóng)用地分等工作成果的應(yīng)用和拓展,同時,它還對保證我國糧食安全、實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。在現(xiàn)有的耕地質(zhì)量補充完善成果基礎(chǔ)上,開展耕地質(zhì)量動態(tài)監(jiān)測工作,第一步是要對監(jiān)測的區(qū)域進(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的分區(qū),監(jiān)測類型區(qū)可以使土地管理的相關(guān)部門對本區(qū)域的耕地質(zhì)量變化有一個宏觀的理解,在此基礎(chǔ)上的監(jiān)測布點和數(shù)據(jù)分析又可以保證相關(guān)管理部門對耕地質(zhì)量的變化有具體的把握,通過這項工作可以全面了解研究區(qū)域耕地的變化情況,并能更好地保護(hù)和利用耕地。通過參閱國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,首先結(jié)合國內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)于耕地質(zhì)量和耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測的研究,總結(jié)了關(guān)于耕地質(zhì)量概念、耕地質(zhì)量影響因素、耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測技術(shù)方法等方面的相關(guān)成果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對可能引起耕地質(zhì)量發(fā)生變化的主要驅(qū)動因素進(jìn)行了深入研究,主要驅(qū)動因素可以分為以下兩大類：自然驅(qū)動因素和人為驅(qū)動因素。研究選取了部分自然指標(biāo)、土地利用指標(biāo)和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)這三種指標(biāo)作為監(jiān)測類型區(qū)劃分的依據(jù),然后根據(jù)研究區(qū)域的區(qū)域特點,從研究區(qū)域的耕地實際糧食產(chǎn)量、耕地自然質(zhì)量的分布狀況、各村農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移壓力、城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)壓力四個方面出發(fā),得到四個監(jiān)測類型區(qū),分別為城鎮(zhèn)功能分區(qū)、農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移壓力分區(qū)、耕地自然質(zhì)量分區(qū)和耕地實際產(chǎn)量分區(qū)。將初步分區(qū)結(jié)果進(jìn)行疊加處理,最終形成仙桃市耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測類型區(qū)方案,本研究最終劃定了35個耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測類型區(qū),為后期耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測的實地調(diào)查和監(jiān)測單元布設(shè)工作提供了基礎(chǔ)。另外,研究還在35個監(jiān)測類型區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)上劃分了重點監(jiān)測區(qū)、次重點監(jiān)測區(qū)和可選擇監(jiān)測區(qū),并提出了監(jiān)測建議：重點監(jiān)測區(qū)要多設(shè)置監(jiān)測樣點,監(jiān)測周期為一年；次重點監(jiān)測區(qū)域可相對減少監(jiān)測樣點,監(jiān)測周期設(shè)定為兩到三年；而可選擇監(jiān)測區(qū)可以盡可能少的布設(shè)監(jiān)測樣點,監(jiān)測周期可設(shè)定為四到五年。然后在監(jiān)測類型區(qū)分級的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇了10個重點監(jiān)測類型區(qū)和7個次重點監(jiān)測類型區(qū),進(jìn)行監(jiān)測單元的布設(shè)研究。引入了景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的景觀連接度概念來計算17個監(jiān)測類型區(qū)內(nèi)耕地的景觀連接度,選取景觀連接度較高的耕地作為監(jiān)測單元,這樣可以保證選定的監(jiān)測單元在空間上具有代表性,然后通過主要交通道路和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地的緩沖區(qū)分析,剔除位于緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)不穩(wěn)定的監(jiān)測單元,最終篩選出31個監(jiān)測單元。
[Abstract]:The monitoring of cultivated land quality is a dynamic monitoring of possible changes in cultivated land quality on the basis of agricultural land quality classification and land resource survey. This work is not only the application and expansion of the achievements of agricultural land classification, but also of great significance to ensure the food security of our country and realize the sustainable development of economy. On the basis of the existing achievements of supplementing and perfecting cultivated land quality, the first step is to carry out the dynamic monitoring of cultivated land quality. The first step is to carry out scientific and reasonable zoning of the monitored areas. The monitoring of typologies allows the relevant sectors of land management to have a macro-understanding of the changes in the quality of arable land in the region, On this basis, the monitoring and distribution points and data analysis can ensure that the relevant management departments have a specific grasp of the changes in the quality of cultivated land, and through this work, we can comprehensively understand the changes of cultivated land in the study area. And can better protect and use arable land. By referring to the relevant domestic and foreign literature materials, first of all, combined with the domestic and foreign scholars on cultivated land quality and monitoring of cultivated land quality, summarized the concept of cultivated land quality, factors affecting cultivated land quality, Arable land quality monitoring technical methods and other related achievements. On this basis, the main driving factors which may cause the change of cultivated land quality are deeply studied. The main driving factors can be divided into the following two categories: natural driving factors and man-made driving factors. Some natural indicators, land use indicators and social and economic indicators are selected as the basis for monitoring the division of type areas, and then, according to the regional characteristics of the study area, the actual grain yield of cultivated land in the study area is studied. According to the distribution of natural quality of cultivated land, the transfer pressure of rural labor force in each village and the pressure of urban construction, four monitoring types of areas are obtained, which are urban functional zoning and rural labor transfer pressure division. Arable land natural quality division and cultivated land actual yield partition. The preliminary zoning results were superimposed and the scheme of cultivated land quality monitoring type in Xiantao City was finally formed. In this study, 35 cultivated land quality monitoring type areas were finally delineated. It provides a basis for field investigation and layout of monitoring unit of cultivated land quality monitoring in later period. In addition, on the basis of 35 monitoring types, the study divided the key monitoring areas, the sub-key monitoring areas and the optional monitoring areas, and put forward some monitoring suggestions: more monitoring sample points should be set up in the key monitoring areas, and the monitoring period should be one year; The monitoring sample points can be relatively reduced in the sub-key monitoring area, and the monitoring cycle can be set at two to three years, while the monitoring sample points can be arranged as few as possible in the optional monitoring area, and the monitoring cycle can be set at four to five years. Then, on the basis of the classification of monitoring type area, 10 key monitoring type areas and 7 sub-key monitoring type areas are selected, and the layout of monitoring units is studied. The concept of landscape connectivity in landscape ecology is introduced to calculate the landscape connectivity of cultivated land in 17 monitoring areas, and the cultivated land with high landscape connectivity is selected as the monitoring unit. In this way, the selected monitoring unit can be guaranteed to be representative in space, and then through the buffer analysis of the main traffic roads and urban and rural construction land, the unstable monitoring unit in the buffer can be eliminated, and finally 31 monitoring units can be selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.211

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