【摘要】：以家庭均包制為主要經(jīng)營特征的農(nóng)村土地制度曾一度引致農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)積極性的提高和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的快速增長,但由此導(dǎo)致的細(xì)碎化小規(guī)模的農(nóng)地經(jīng)營特征和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本的上升卻造成了農(nóng)地經(jīng)營的自我剝削現(xiàn)象普遍存在,加之傳統(tǒng)的村莊慣習(xí)和土地占有關(guān)系誘致的農(nóng)戶對農(nóng)地的稟賦效應(yīng),共同導(dǎo)致農(nóng)戶農(nóng)地經(jīng)營的自我剝削屬性與土地的市場處置行為呈現(xiàn)出內(nèi)在運(yùn)行機(jī)制不一致性。為此,本文采用引入交叉項(xiàng)的Probit模型,并利用江西省豐城市和遂川縣的706戶農(nóng)戶調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析了小農(nóng)戶的自我剝削和農(nóng)地稟賦效應(yīng)對農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)潛在市場發(fā)育的影響。理論分析表明,農(nóng)地經(jīng)營的自我剝削特征與農(nóng)地市場化具有一致性傾向,但農(nóng)地的人格化財(cái)產(chǎn)屬性引致的農(nóng)戶稟賦效應(yīng)造成了農(nóng)戶農(nóng)地經(jīng)營自我剝削感知度的下降,并削弱了要素經(jīng)營屬性與市場配置行為的匹配。經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),小農(nóng)戶低效率農(nóng)地經(jīng)營導(dǎo)致的自我剝削與農(nóng)地稟賦效應(yīng)分別激勵(lì)農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)市場的潛在供給和需求。同時(shí),農(nóng)地稟賦效應(yīng)弱化了自我剝削對農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)潛在需求和供給的誘發(fā)作用。為此,本文認(rèn)為降低農(nóng)戶的土地稟賦效應(yīng)是欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)小農(nóng)戶轉(zhuǎn)型的總體方向,它為農(nóng)地由小農(nóng)戶流向生產(chǎn)大戶和培育部分小農(nóng)戶成為新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體提供保障。文章主要從家庭決策的利益導(dǎo)向化、農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)市場與勞動(dòng)力市場發(fā)展的不一致性及農(nóng)村制度供給等維度提出了經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)小農(nóng)戶轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式,跳出自我剝削陷阱的政策建議。具體措施包括:1切實(shí)保障小農(nóng)戶的基本權(quán)益,提高他們在家庭資源配置中的預(yù)期收益;2在初次規(guī)模經(jīng)營補(bǔ)貼、農(nóng)業(yè)基本補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)變、經(jīng)營者生產(chǎn)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、專業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)、市場信息供給等層面加大投入力度,同時(shí)完善農(nóng)村社會(huì)保障體系,以降低小農(nóng)戶轉(zhuǎn)型的難度與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:The rural land system, which is mainly characterized by the family ownership system, once led to the improvement of farmers' enthusiasm for agricultural production and the rapid growth of agricultural production efficiency. However, the resulting small-scale agricultural land management characteristics and the increase in agricultural production costs have led to the widespread phenomenon of self-exploitation of agricultural land management. In addition, the traditional village habits and the relationship between land ownership and farmers' endowment effect on agricultural land, together lead to farmers' self-exploitation of agricultural land management and land market management behavior presents inherent inconsistencies in the operation mechanism. In this paper, the Probit model with cross-terms is used to analyze the effects of small-scale farmers' self-exploitation and the effect of farmland endowment on the potential market development of farmland transfer by using 706 household survey data in Fengcheng and Suichuan County of Jiangxi Province. The theoretical analysis shows that the characteristics of self-exploitation of farmland management are consistent with the marketization of farmland, but the effect of farmers' endowment caused by the personal property attribute of farmland results in the decline of farmers' perception of self-exploitation of farmland management. At the same time, it weakens the matching between the attribute of factor management and the behavior of market allocation. The results of empirical analysis show that the self-exploitation and the effect of land endowment caused by the low-efficiency farmland management of small-scale farmers stimulate the potential supply and demand of the farmland transfer market respectively. At the same time, the effect of land endowment weakens the induced effect of self-exploitation on the potential demand and supply of farmland transfer. Therefore, this paper argues that reducing the effect of farmers' land endowment is the overall direction of the transformation of small farmers in the underdeveloped areas, which provides guarantee for the transfer of agricultural land from small farmers to large producers and the cultivation of some small farmers as the main body of the new type of agricultural management. This paper puts forward the transformation of agricultural production mode by small farmers in underdeveloped areas from the aspects of family decision-making, the inconsistency between rural land transfer market and labor market development, and the supply of rural system, etc. Policy recommendations for jumping out of the trap of self-exploitation. The specific measures include: (1) ensuring the basic rights and interests of small farmers and improving their expected income in the allocation of family resources; (2) increase investment in initial scale operation subsidy, agricultural basic subsidy mechanism change, operator production reward, professional skills training, market information supply, etc., and at the same time improve the rural social security system. In order to reduce the difficulty and risk of small farmers transformation.
【作者單位】： 南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)院;華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院;沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)土地與環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)模式、流轉(zhuǎn)契約與農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營模式組合:驅(qū)動(dòng)力、績效與機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)”(批準(zhǔn)號:71373127),“快速城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中農(nóng)戶土地利用行為影響及其對耕地質(zhì)量影響研究”(批準(zhǔn)號:71503174),“非正式制度視角下農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)安全與投資激勵(lì):作用機(jī)理及政策干預(yù)”(批準(zhǔn)號:71603121)
【分類號】：F321.1

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