【摘要】：2003年開始的新一輪集體林權(quán)制度改革實施至今,尤其是分山到戶使農(nóng)戶山林承包經(jīng)營權(quán)確立,這在一定程度上調(diào)動了林農(nóng)的生產(chǎn)積極性,但也帶來了林權(quán)分散且經(jīng)營面積細(xì)碎化問題。從20世紀(jì)90年代開始,部分山區(qū)的林地向規(guī)模大戶流轉(zhuǎn),出現(xiàn)了林地資源集中和規(guī)模報酬遞增的現(xiàn)象。為了更好地激勵林農(nóng)營林積極性,自2009年起中央財政推出了森林撫育補貼、造林補貼等一系列中央財政林業(yè)補貼政策(后簡稱林業(yè)補貼政策),目的是在林業(yè)“雙增”目標(biāo)下促進(jìn)林業(yè)經(jīng)營效率的提升,但是在此基礎(chǔ)上政策的執(zhí)行過程中是否兼顧規(guī)模大戶與普通農(nóng)戶的利益,政策的瞄準(zhǔn)度是否達(dá)到等都是值得探討的問題。本研究在分析浙江省林業(yè)補貼政策的歷程與現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,運用典型抽樣和隨機抽樣相結(jié)合的方法,針對造林補貼和森林撫育補貼政策,對浙江省兩個案例縣(市),即開化縣與建德市進(jìn)行實地調(diào)查,共抽取183戶農(nóng)戶,收集2009年部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)和2015年數(shù)據(jù),分析營林規(guī)模對林業(yè)補貼政策實施的對象選擇與效果的影響;在此基礎(chǔ)上得出相關(guān)結(jié)論并提出完善林業(yè)補貼政策的合理化建議。主要研究過程和結(jié)論如下:(1)運用Logit模型研究營林規(guī)模對林業(yè)補貼政策實施對象選擇的影響。得出實際營林面積在1%顯著性水平上對農(nóng)戶是否為補貼戶有正相關(guān)影響,即營林規(guī)模越大,越容易成為補貼戶。林業(yè)補貼政策實施中傾向于補貼規(guī)模大戶;地方相關(guān)職能部門從降低監(jiān)督交易成本出發(fā),盡量鼓勵讓規(guī)模大戶參與林業(yè)補貼項目實施。(2)運用三重差分模型(difference in difference in difference,簡稱DDD模型)研究營林規(guī)模對林業(yè)補貼政策實施效果的影響。得出林業(yè)補貼政策實施的“傾向性”對林業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入有一定程度的促進(jìn)作用,但其影響并不顯著,目前林業(yè)補貼政策的瞄準(zhǔn)度仍存在一定的疑問。(3)根據(jù)研究結(jié)論,完善林業(yè)補貼政策主要在林業(yè)補貼政策實施對象選擇和實施效果兩個角度考慮。在林業(yè)補貼政策實施對象選擇方面:設(shè)立普通戶專項補貼和創(chuàng)新補貼申請方式,擴大林業(yè)補貼政策受益面;結(jié)合多種渠道提升不同類型農(nóng)戶對補貼政策的認(rèn)知度,調(diào)動農(nóng)戶參與的積極性。在林業(yè)補貼政策實施的效果方面:實行動態(tài)化林業(yè)補貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn),適應(yīng)營林成本不斷上漲;強化林業(yè)補貼項目監(jiān)管機制,增強對林業(yè)補貼政策執(zhí)行的監(jiān)督力度。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the new round of collective forest tenure system reform in 2003, the farmers' contractual management right of mountain forest has been established, which to a certain extent has aroused the production enthusiasm of forest farmers. But also brought about the dispersion of forest rights and the issue of fragmentation of business area. Since the 1990s, forest land in some mountain areas has been transferred to large scale households, and the phenomenon of forest land resources concentration and increasing scale returns has appeared. In order to better stimulate the enthusiasm of forestry farmers and marketers, since 2009, the central government has introduced a series of central financial forestry subsidy policies, such as forest tending subsidies, afforestation subsidies and so on (hereafter referred to as forestry subsidy policies). The purpose is to promote the improvement of forestry management efficiency under the goal of "double increase" in forestry, but on this basis, whether to take into account the interests of large scale households and ordinary farmers in the process of implementing the policy, It is worth discussing whether the aim of the policy is reached or not. On the basis of analyzing the course and present situation of forestry subsidy policy in Zhejiang Province, this study applies the method of combining typical sampling and random sampling, aiming at afforestation subsidy and forest tending subsidy policy, two cases of county (city) in Zhejiang Province. That is, Kaihua County and Jiande City conducted a field survey, a total of 183 farmers, collected data in 2009 and 2015 part of the data, analysis of forest size on the implementation of forestry subsidy policy target selection and effect; On the basis of this, the paper draws the relevant conclusions and puts forward some reasonable suggestions to perfect the forestry subsidy policy. The main research process and conclusions are as follows: (1) Logit model is used to study the effect of silviculture scale on the choice of forestry subsidy policy. It is concluded that the actual forest area at the level of 1% significance has a positive correlation on whether the farmers are subsidized households, that is, the larger the forest scale, the easier it is to become subsidised households. In the implementation of forestry subsidy policy, the subsidy scale tends to be large; In order to reduce the cost of supervision and transaction, local relevant functional departments should encourage large scale enterprises to participate in the implementation of forestry subsidy projects. (2) the triple differential model (difference in difference,) is used. The effect of forest scale on the effect of forestry subsidy policy was studied by DDD model. It is concluded that the "tendency" of the implementation of forestry subsidy policy can promote forestry production input to a certain extent, but its influence is not obvious. At present, there are still some doubts about the aim of forestry subsidy policy. (3) according to the research conclusion, The improvement of forestry subsidy policy is mainly considered from two angles: the choice of the target and the effect of the implementation of the forestry subsidy policy. In the forestry subsidy policy implementation object selection aspect: sets up the ordinary household special subsidy and the innovation subsidy application way, expands the forestry subsidy policy benefit aspect; Combined with various channels to promote different types of farmers to the subsidy policy awareness, to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to participate. In terms of the effect of forestry subsidy policy implementation, the dynamic forestry subsidy standard should be implemented to adapt to the rising forestry cost, the supervision mechanism of forestry subsidy project should be strengthened, and the supervision on the implementation of forestry subsidy policy should be strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.2;F812.8

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