兩漢會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展初探
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-08 15:04
【摘要】：會稽郡是兩漢揚州刺史部下轄的一個郡,其轄境變化較大。漢初會稽郡的轄地大致是戰(zhàn)國時的吳、越兩國,相當于如今長江以南的江蘇部分、安徽東南部、上海西部以及浙江北部。到西漢末,會稽郡領(lǐng)共下轄二十六縣,其管轄區(qū)域大致相當于今蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市,上海的西部,浙江省大部分地區(qū),以及福建省中部沿海一帶。東漢中期,分會稽郡為會稽郡和吳郡,會稽郡治所移到山陰縣,下轄十五縣。會稽郡地處長江下游的廣大南方,氣候適宜耕種,土壤相對肥沃,水流眾多,為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供自然條件。東漢一朝農(nóng)業(yè)的顯著發(fā)展依賴于內(nèi)外部條件的支撐,具體表現(xiàn)為:第一,先秦會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗的積累;第二,社會環(huán)境穩(wěn)定,自然災(zāi)害和社會動亂較少,從而吸引大量人口南遷,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力增加;第三,國家重視會稽郡的治理問題,官吏出身較好,在任期間也能有所政績;第四,會稽郡廣泛使用牛耕,鐵農(nóng)具普遍使用;第五,兩漢會稽郡在前朝的基礎(chǔ)上不斷拓展水陸交通,為對外經(jīng)濟、技術(shù)交流創(chuàng)造條件。在自然地理環(huán)境和社會因素的雙重作用下,兩漢會稽郡的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟在諸多方面取得成效。會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)部門齊全,種植業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)和林木業(yè)從先秦發(fā)展而來,至兩漢皆有所發(fā)展。農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展主要體現(xiàn)在:糧食產(chǎn)量出現(xiàn)明顯增加,成為可支援其他郡縣的熟郡;隨著水利設(shè)施的建設(shè),會稽郡耕地面積擴大;隨著農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的富足,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工并不斷進入流通市場,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品化進一步發(fā)展;人口出現(xiàn)顯著增加,轄縣數(shù)量的增加也表明人口的增長;人類聚落的不斷開拓和增加,表明會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)散布的空間范圍變大;到東漢,會稽郡境內(nèi)的豪族勢力明顯增多,經(jīng)濟、政治實力強大。通過對比兩漢農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)在東漢取得長足進步,對當?shù)毓ど虡I(yè)和文化教育事業(yè)都作出貢獻。當然,要正確認識會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與先進地區(qū)的差距,會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有諸多制約因素,如會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展起點低,雖然起步早,但因難以吸收先進技術(shù)而發(fā)展緩慢;內(nèi)部存在“南慢北快”的不平衡現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象;即使中央政府平定少數(shù)民族叛亂,但會稽郡仍受到逃入山林的山越的侵襲。正確看待兩漢會稽郡農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,不僅可以還原當時的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟面貌,而且對于現(xiàn)今的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有著借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:Huiji County is a county under the jurisdiction of the Department of thorn History of Yangzhou in the Han Dynasty, and its jurisdiction has changed greatly. In the early Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Huiji County was roughly Wu during the warring States period, and the two countries were equivalent to the parts of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River, southeast Anhui, western Shanghai and northern Zhejiang. By the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Huiji County had a total jurisdiction of 26 counties, whose jurisdiction was roughly equivalent to the four cities of today's Su, Tin, Chang, Zhen, the western part of Shanghai, most of Zhejiang Province, and the central coastal area of Fujian Province. In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huiji County was divided into Huiji County and Wu County, Huiji County was moved to Shanyin County, and 15 counties were under its jurisdiction. Huiji County is located in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The climate is suitable for farming, the soil is relatively fertile and the water flow is numerous, which provides natural conditions for agricultural development. The remarkable development of agriculture in the Eastern Han Dynasty depended on the support of internal and external conditions, which was manifested in the following aspects: first, the accumulation of agricultural development experience in Huiji County of the Pre-Qin Dynasty; second, the social environment was stable, and there were fewer natural disasters and social disturbances. As a result, a large number of people moved to the south and the agricultural labor force increased; third, the state attached great importance to the governance of Huiji County, where officials came from better backgrounds and achieved some achievements during their term of office; fourth, Huiji County widely used cattle farming, and iron farming tools were widely used; and fifthly, On the basis of the previous dynasties, Huiji County of the Han Dynasty continued to expand land and water transportation to create conditions for foreign economic and technological exchanges. Under the dual action of the natural geographical environment and social factors, the agricultural economy of Huiji County in Han Dynasty has achieved many achievements in many aspects. Huiji County agricultural production departments, planting, animal husbandry, fisheries and forestry from the pre-Qin period, to both Han Dynasty has developed. The development of agriculture is mainly reflected in: the apparent increase in grain production as a mature county to support other counties; with the construction of water conservancy facilities, the area of cultivated land in Huiji County has expanded; and with the abundance of agricultural products, With the processing of agricultural products and their continuous entry into the circulation market, the commercialization of agricultural products has further developed; there has been a marked increase in the population, and the increase in the number of counties under the jurisdiction also indicates the growth of the population; and the continuous development and increase of human settlements, By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of the Huiji County was obviously increased, and the economic and political strength was strong. By comparing the development of agriculture in the Han Dynasty, it is found that Huiji County agriculture made great progress in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and made contributions to the local industry and commerce and cultural and educational undertakings. Of course, it is necessary to correctly understand the gap between the economic development of Huiji county and the advanced areas. There are many restrictive factors in the development of Huiji county agriculture, such as the low starting point of the development of Huiji county agriculture, although it starts early, but the development is slow because it is difficult to absorb advanced technology; There is an imbalance between the north and the south; even if the central government calms the minority insurgency, Huiji County is still being attacked by the mountains and the mountains that flee into the mountains and forests. Correctly looking at the development of agricultural economy in Huiji County of the Han Dynasty can not only restore the agricultural economy of that time, but also serve as a reference for the present agricultural development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F329;K234
本文編號：2257211
[Abstract]:Huiji County is a county under the jurisdiction of the Department of thorn History of Yangzhou in the Han Dynasty, and its jurisdiction has changed greatly. In the early Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Huiji County was roughly Wu during the warring States period, and the two countries were equivalent to the parts of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River, southeast Anhui, western Shanghai and northern Zhejiang. By the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Huiji County had a total jurisdiction of 26 counties, whose jurisdiction was roughly equivalent to the four cities of today's Su, Tin, Chang, Zhen, the western part of Shanghai, most of Zhejiang Province, and the central coastal area of Fujian Province. In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huiji County was divided into Huiji County and Wu County, Huiji County was moved to Shanyin County, and 15 counties were under its jurisdiction. Huiji County is located in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The climate is suitable for farming, the soil is relatively fertile and the water flow is numerous, which provides natural conditions for agricultural development. The remarkable development of agriculture in the Eastern Han Dynasty depended on the support of internal and external conditions, which was manifested in the following aspects: first, the accumulation of agricultural development experience in Huiji County of the Pre-Qin Dynasty; second, the social environment was stable, and there were fewer natural disasters and social disturbances. As a result, a large number of people moved to the south and the agricultural labor force increased; third, the state attached great importance to the governance of Huiji County, where officials came from better backgrounds and achieved some achievements during their term of office; fourth, Huiji County widely used cattle farming, and iron farming tools were widely used; and fifthly, On the basis of the previous dynasties, Huiji County of the Han Dynasty continued to expand land and water transportation to create conditions for foreign economic and technological exchanges. Under the dual action of the natural geographical environment and social factors, the agricultural economy of Huiji County in Han Dynasty has achieved many achievements in many aspects. Huiji County agricultural production departments, planting, animal husbandry, fisheries and forestry from the pre-Qin period, to both Han Dynasty has developed. The development of agriculture is mainly reflected in: the apparent increase in grain production as a mature county to support other counties; with the construction of water conservancy facilities, the area of cultivated land in Huiji County has expanded; and with the abundance of agricultural products, With the processing of agricultural products and their continuous entry into the circulation market, the commercialization of agricultural products has further developed; there has been a marked increase in the population, and the increase in the number of counties under the jurisdiction also indicates the growth of the population; and the continuous development and increase of human settlements, By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of the Huiji County was obviously increased, and the economic and political strength was strong. By comparing the development of agriculture in the Han Dynasty, it is found that Huiji County agriculture made great progress in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and made contributions to the local industry and commerce and cultural and educational undertakings. Of course, it is necessary to correctly understand the gap between the economic development of Huiji county and the advanced areas. There are many restrictive factors in the development of Huiji county agriculture, such as the low starting point of the development of Huiji county agriculture, although it starts early, but the development is slow because it is difficult to absorb advanced technology; There is an imbalance between the north and the south; even if the central government calms the minority insurgency, Huiji County is still being attacked by the mountains and the mountains that flee into the mountains and forests. Correctly looking at the development of agricultural economy in Huiji County of the Han Dynasty can not only restore the agricultural economy of that time, but also serve as a reference for the present agricultural development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F329;K234
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