【摘要】：貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是貧困測(cè)量的重要基礎(chǔ),準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量和反映中國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困狀況首先需要對(duì)國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)算方法及其代表的實(shí)際生活水平有一個(gè)清晰準(zhǔn)確的判斷。為此,本文首先全面梳理了國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測(cè)算與調(diào)整方法,采用縱向歷史比較與橫向國(guó)際比較相結(jié)合的方式,深入分析了當(dāng)前國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所代表的實(shí)際生活水平,以及現(xiàn)行國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與我國(guó)扶貧歷史實(shí)踐中采用過的另外兩個(gè)貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和世界銀行提出的國(guó)際貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的差異。然后簡(jiǎn)要介紹了農(nóng)村貧困監(jiān)測(cè)體系,并對(duì)按照現(xiàn)行國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量的減貧成果和多維貧困緩解情況進(jìn)行了量化分析。本文主要結(jié)論如下:第一,現(xiàn)行國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合我國(guó)國(guó)情和當(dāng)前發(fā)展階段,是與"兩不愁、三保障"相結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)上達(dá)到穩(wěn)定溫飽要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第二,按現(xiàn)行國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)算,改革開放以來我國(guó)脫貧成就顯著,全國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困人口減少7億多人。第三,近年來,我國(guó)農(nóng)村脫貧步伐進(jìn)一步加快,扶貧成效非常顯著。全國(guó)和貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村貧困人口大幅下降;貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入增長(zhǎng)快于全國(guó)農(nóng)村平均水平;全國(guó)和貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民生活條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和基本公共服務(wù)不斷改善。最后,在扶貧實(shí)踐中,經(jīng)常會(huì)涉及國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、單一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與多維標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、貧困監(jiān)測(cè)抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)與建檔立卡數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系,需要有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),并加以妥善處理。本文中使用的數(shù)據(jù)主要來源于中國(guó)住戶調(diào)查和國(guó)家農(nóng)村貧困監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)查。
[Abstract]:Poverty standard is an important basis of poverty measurement. To accurately measure and reflect the situation of rural poverty in China, it is necessary to have a clear and accurate judgment on the measurement method of national rural poverty standard and the actual standard of living represented by it. Therefore, this paper firstly combs the calculation and adjustment methods of the national rural poverty standard, and analyzes the actual living standard represented by the current national rural poverty standard by combining the vertical historical comparison with the horizontal international comparison. And the difference between the current national rural poverty standard and the other two poverty standards used in the historical practice of poverty alleviation in China and the international poverty standard put forward by the World Bank. Then the monitoring system of rural poverty is briefly introduced, and the results of poverty reduction and multi-dimensional poverty alleviation, which are measured according to the current national rural poverty standard, are analyzed quantitatively. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the current national rural poverty standard conforms to the national conditions and the current stage of development, and is based on the combination of "two no worries, three guarantees" to meet the requirements of stable food and clothing. Second, according to the current national standards of rural poverty, China has achieved remarkable achievements in eradicating poverty since reform and opening up, and the number of rural poor nationwide has decreased by more than 700 million people. Third, in recent years, the pace of poverty alleviation in rural areas has been accelerated. The number of people living in rural poverty in the whole country and in poor areas has dropped substantially; the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poor areas has increased faster than the national average; and the living conditions of rural residents throughout the country and in poor areas have been increased. Infrastructure and basic public services are improving. Finally, in the practice of poverty alleviation, the relationship between the national and local standards, the single standard and the multidimensional standard, the sample survey data of poverty monitoring and the data of building grade card need to be clearly understood and properly dealt with. The data used in this paper mainly come from China Household Survey and National Rural Poverty Monitoring Survey.
【作者單位】： 國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局;國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局住戶調(diào)查辦公室;國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局住戶調(diào)查辦公室貧困監(jiān)測(cè)處;
【分類號(hào)】：F323.8

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本文編號(hào)：2207412