【摘要】：第一代農(nóng)民工,是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期孕育的一個新興勞動群體。1978年后,大量的農(nóng)民從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移到城市,他們?yōu)橹袊I(yè)的發(fā)展、城市的建設(shè)和農(nóng)村的繁榮做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。同時也帶來了一系列的問題。如今,改革開放已37年,第一代農(nóng)民工逐漸到達(dá)退休年齡,他們的養(yǎng)老面臨著諸多的問題。由于戶籍制度障礙,第一代農(nóng)民工一直被排除在城市養(yǎng)老保障體系之外,無法享受市民待遇。土地養(yǎng)老和家庭養(yǎng)老保障功能的弱化,使第一代農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老問題日益凸顯。假如第一代農(nóng)民工退休后生活沒有依靠,必將影響大多數(shù)農(nóng)村居民的生活,甚至影響經(jīng)濟(jì)社會生活的穩(wěn)定。本文一共分為五部分,對中國第一代農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老困境及對策進(jìn)行探究。第一部分是導(dǎo)論。在導(dǎo)論部分,首先說明了研究我國第一代農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老題的背景和意義,指出了選題所具有的理論價值和實(shí)踐價值。然后,分析了國內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀,了解了國內(nèi)外研究的動態(tài)。其次,闡述了本文的研究思路和方法,本文主要是運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)理論進(jìn)行分析,采用邏輯和歷史相統(tǒng)一的方法,具有實(shí)踐性和科學(xué)性。最后,指出了本文的特色之處和不足。第二部分是基本理論和相關(guān)概念,主要介紹了勞動力商品理論、馬克思的勞動力再生產(chǎn)理論和農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老保險理論,同時對農(nóng)民工、第一代農(nóng)民工的概念進(jìn)行界定,并對第一代農(nóng)民工的形成、特征進(jìn)行分析。關(guān)于第一代農(nóng)民工的形成,主要從經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策兩個方面進(jìn)行闡述。第一代農(nóng)民工與新生代農(nóng)民工有很多差異,本文主要從受教育程度、外出打工目的、自我權(quán)益保障意識、身份認(rèn)同這四個方面分析第一代農(nóng)民工的個體特征。第三部分介紹一代農(nóng)民工的養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)狀,主要從退回農(nóng)村、融入城市這兩個環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行剖析。并附典型案例,指出當(dāng)前第一代農(nóng)民工面臨養(yǎng)老困境。第四部分對第一代農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老困境產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行分析,主要從理論原因和現(xiàn)實(shí)原因進(jìn)行概括。理論原因又從農(nóng)民工半無產(chǎn)階級化、勞動力價格低于價值、勞動力再生產(chǎn)中的國家缺位三個方面進(jìn)行探究。現(xiàn)實(shí)原因則歸結(jié)為工資水平低、勞動力市場供給過剩、第一代農(nóng)民工主要從事的建筑行業(yè)存在超經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削、參加社會保障的比例低、土地養(yǎng)老和家庭養(yǎng)老保障功能的弱化。第五部分主要針對第一代農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老困境產(chǎn)生的原因,提出了相應(yīng)的對策建議。緩解第一代農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老困境,要以國家為主導(dǎo),企業(yè)和第一代農(nóng)民工為核心。完善國家相關(guān)職能,規(guī)范企業(yè)用工,引導(dǎo)第一代農(nóng)民工合理使用轉(zhuǎn)移收入。
[Abstract]:The first generation of migrant workers is a new labor group born during the period of China's economic and social transformation. After 1978, a large number of farmers moved from rural to urban areas, and they were the development of Chinese industry. Urban construction and rural prosperity have made great contributions. At the same time, it also brings a series of problems. Now, 37 years after the reform and opening up, the first generation of migrant workers gradually reach retirement age, their pension faces many problems. Because of the obstacles of household registration system, the first generation of migrant workers have been excluded from the urban old-age security system, unable to enjoy the treatment of citizens. The weakening of the function of land pension and family pension security makes the pension problem of the first generation of migrant workers increasingly prominent. If the first generation of migrant workers retired without life, will affect the majority of rural residents' life, and even affect the stability of economic and social life. This paper is divided into five parts to explore the dilemma and countermeasures of the first generation of migrant workers in China. The first part is an introduction. In the introduction part, it first explains the background and significance of the study on the pension problem of the first generation of migrant workers in China, and points out the theoretical and practical value of the topic. Then, the current situation of domestic and foreign research is analyzed, and the trends of domestic and foreign research are understood. Secondly, this paper expounds the research ideas and methods of this paper, this paper mainly uses the economic theory to analyze, uses the logic and the history unifies the method, has the practicality and the scientific nature. Finally, the characteristics and shortcomings of this paper are pointed out. The second part is the basic theory and related concepts, mainly introduces the labor commodity theory, Marx's theory of labor force reproduction and migrant workers pension insurance theory, at the same time, defines the concept of migrant workers, the first generation of migrant workers. And the formation of the first generation of migrant workers, characteristics of analysis. The formation of the first-generation migrant workers, mainly from the economic and policy two aspects. There are many differences between the first generation of migrant workers and the new generation of migrant workers. This paper mainly analyzes the individual characteristics of the first generation of migrant workers from four aspects: the education level, the purpose of working outside the home, the sense of self-protection of rights and interests, and the identity of the first generation of migrant workers. The third part introduces the current situation of the rural migrant workers, mainly from the return of rural areas, into the city of these two links to analyze. With typical cases, this paper points out that the first generation of migrant workers are facing pension difficulties. The fourth part analyzes the causes of the pension dilemma of the first generation of migrant workers, mainly from the theoretical and practical reasons. The theoretical reasons are analyzed from three aspects: the semi-proletariat of peasant workers, the lower labor price than the value, and the absence of the state in the reproduction of labor force. The practical reasons are low wage level, oversupply of labor market, super-economic exploitation in the construction industry, low participation in social security, weakening of the function of land old-age and family old-age security. The fifth part mainly aims at the first generation peasant worker pension predicament causes, proposed the corresponding countermeasure suggestion. To alleviate the pension dilemma of the first generation of migrant workers, we should take the state as the leading factor and enterprises and the first generation of migrant workers as the core. Improve the relevant functions of the state, standardize the employment of enterprises, and guide the first generation of migrant workers to make rational use of transferred income.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.89

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