永勝縣金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式與對(duì)策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 13:44
【摘要】：我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式正處于轉(zhuǎn)型期,各地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè),自然資源不同,生態(tài)環(huán)境、人力資源等差別很大,怎樣開展、以什么樣的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)模式發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),值得研究探討。開展金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)研究,是推進(jìn)中國(guó)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,是滇西地區(qū)糧食供給與長(zhǎng)江中上游生態(tài)環(huán)境安全的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)支撐。金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展是西南地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和提高國(guó)家綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基礎(chǔ),是民族自立與人民健康的保障,尤其是對(duì)云南這樣總體經(jīng)濟(jì)落后、農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱的西部大省來(lái)講,更具有特殊的意義。本文以生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)理論為依據(jù),包括生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)的基本原則,生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的具體模式的理論研究,同時(shí)借鑒了西方生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論,分析了金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)地區(qū)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的原理依據(jù)。在生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)部分,分別從歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家、菲律賓及以色列的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,國(guó)際有關(guān)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)組織的經(jīng)驗(yàn),國(guó)外生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式和效益等方面進(jìn)行闡述,指出金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展要借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)的地方,利用這些先進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)更好的促進(jìn)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。在充分的理論依據(jù)和國(guó)際先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文從生態(tài)環(huán)境因素,自然資源因素和農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)資源因素分析了金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。金沙江河谷脆弱生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有:干旱程度加劇,使許多植物無(wú)法生長(zhǎng);水熱矛盾突出;水土流失嚴(yán)重;人為破壞頻繁;植物群落破壞容易,恢復(fù)難;土壤肥力低下等不利于作物生長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)。其中水分短缺是脆弱生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最嚴(yán)重的問題。隨著社會(huì)不斷的變遷,干熱河谷地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境更加脆弱。生態(tài)環(huán)境抵御自然災(zāi)害的調(diào)節(jié)能力在減弱,農(nóng)藥、化肥等等污染現(xiàn)象十分嚴(yán)重,植被破壞、水土流失加劇,生態(tài)惡化的程度和范圍在擴(kuò)大,給干熱河谷地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效應(yīng)不容忽視。另外滇西北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)滯后、人力資源受教育程度相對(duì)來(lái)說比較低,農(nóng)業(yè)技能水平落后,同時(shí)還要面對(duì)大量的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向城市轉(zhuǎn)移,尤其是青年勞動(dòng)力。農(nóng)村人力資源的逐步匱乏,這對(duì)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展十分不利。本文分析了金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的綜合效益,包括生態(tài)效益,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。金沙江中游干熱河谷地區(qū)的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)策與發(fā)展模式,按照農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的水分條件將金沙江生態(tài)系統(tǒng)分為4種小系統(tǒng),即:雨養(yǎng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、集水補(bǔ)灌(坡地旱地)系統(tǒng)、引水灌溉(水田)系統(tǒng),濕地生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng),通過比較各系統(tǒng)間的水分情況、海拔高度,選擇適宜栽種的植被及動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖類型,提出適宜各系統(tǒng)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的具體模式。同時(shí),針對(duì)水資源利用效率不足、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)、農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力外流、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品經(jīng)濟(jì)效益低下、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后等問題提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:The agricultural production mode of our country is in the transition period. The agricultural infrastructure construction, the natural resources, the ecological environment, the human resources and so on are very different in different regions. How to develop and what kind of eco-agricultural mode to develop agricultural production? It is worth studying and discussing. The research on ecological agriculture in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River is the realistic demand of promoting the development of ecological agriculture economy in China and the strong support of grain supply in western Yunnan and ecological environment security in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of the Jinsha River is the basis for the economic development, social stability and improvement of the comprehensive competitiveness of the country in the southwest of China. It is the guarantee of national independence and the health of the people, especially to the overall economic backwardness of Yunnan. The agriculture foundation weak western big province says, has the special significance. This paper is based on the relevant theories of ecological agriculture, including the basic principles of the development of ecological agriculture, the theoretical research on the specific models of the development of ecological agriculture, and draws lessons from the western theory of ecosystem. The principle basis of ecological agriculture development in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River is analyzed. In the part of the international experience of ecological agriculture, the development of ecological agriculture in developed countries in Europe and America, the Philippines and Israel, the experience of international ecological agriculture organizations, the development mode and benefit of foreign ecological agriculture, etc. It is pointed out that the development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of Jinsha River should be used for reference and study, and these advanced experiences should be used to better promote the development of ecological agriculture. On the basis of sufficient theoretical basis and advanced international experience, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by the development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of Jinsha River from the aspects of ecological environment, natural resources and rural agricultural resources. The fragile ecosystem of Jinsha River valley has the following characteristics: the drought intensifies which makes many plants unable to grow; the contradiction between water and heat is prominent; the soil and water loss is serious; the man-made destruction is frequent; the destruction of plant communities is easy and the restoration is difficult; Low soil fertility is not conducive to crop growth and other characteristics. Water shortage is the most serious problem in fragile ecosystem. With the continuous changes of society, the agricultural ecological environment in dry and hot valley is more fragile. The ability of the ecological environment to resist natural disasters is weakening, the pollution phenomena such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers are very serious, the vegetation is destroyed, soil erosion is intensified, and the degree and scope of ecological deterioration are expanding. The negative effects on the sustainable development of agriculture in dry and hot valley can not be ignored. In addition, the rural infrastructure construction in northwest Yunnan is lagging behind, the education level of human resources is relatively low, and the level of agricultural skills is backward. At the same time, a large number of rural labor force has to be transferred to the city, especially the young labor force. The gradual scarcity of rural human resources is very detrimental to the development of ecological agriculture. This paper analyzes the comprehensive benefits of ecological agriculture development in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River, including ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. According to the water condition of agricultural production, the ecosystem of Jinsha River is divided into four kinds of small systems, that is, rain-fed ecosystem, catchment and supplementary irrigation system (sloping land dryland) system. Water diversion irrigation (paddy field) system, wetland ecological agriculture system, by comparing the water situation and altitude of each system, selecting the suitable planting vegetation and animal breeding type, putting forward the concrete mode of ecological agriculture development suitable for each system. At the same time, some countermeasures are put forward to solve the problems such as insufficient utilization efficiency of water resources, protection of agricultural ecological environment, outflow of rural labor force, low economic benefit of agricultural products and backward agricultural rural infrastructure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F323.22
本文編號(hào)：2157772
[Abstract]:The agricultural production mode of our country is in the transition period. The agricultural infrastructure construction, the natural resources, the ecological environment, the human resources and so on are very different in different regions. How to develop and what kind of eco-agricultural mode to develop agricultural production? It is worth studying and discussing. The research on ecological agriculture in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River is the realistic demand of promoting the development of ecological agriculture economy in China and the strong support of grain supply in western Yunnan and ecological environment security in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of the Jinsha River is the basis for the economic development, social stability and improvement of the comprehensive competitiveness of the country in the southwest of China. It is the guarantee of national independence and the health of the people, especially to the overall economic backwardness of Yunnan. The agriculture foundation weak western big province says, has the special significance. This paper is based on the relevant theories of ecological agriculture, including the basic principles of the development of ecological agriculture, the theoretical research on the specific models of the development of ecological agriculture, and draws lessons from the western theory of ecosystem. The principle basis of ecological agriculture development in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River is analyzed. In the part of the international experience of ecological agriculture, the development of ecological agriculture in developed countries in Europe and America, the Philippines and Israel, the experience of international ecological agriculture organizations, the development mode and benefit of foreign ecological agriculture, etc. It is pointed out that the development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of Jinsha River should be used for reference and study, and these advanced experiences should be used to better promote the development of ecological agriculture. On the basis of sufficient theoretical basis and advanced international experience, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by the development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of Jinsha River from the aspects of ecological environment, natural resources and rural agricultural resources. The fragile ecosystem of Jinsha River valley has the following characteristics: the drought intensifies which makes many plants unable to grow; the contradiction between water and heat is prominent; the soil and water loss is serious; the man-made destruction is frequent; the destruction of plant communities is easy and the restoration is difficult; Low soil fertility is not conducive to crop growth and other characteristics. Water shortage is the most serious problem in fragile ecosystem. With the continuous changes of society, the agricultural ecological environment in dry and hot valley is more fragile. The ability of the ecological environment to resist natural disasters is weakening, the pollution phenomena such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers are very serious, the vegetation is destroyed, soil erosion is intensified, and the degree and scope of ecological deterioration are expanding. The negative effects on the sustainable development of agriculture in dry and hot valley can not be ignored. In addition, the rural infrastructure construction in northwest Yunnan is lagging behind, the education level of human resources is relatively low, and the level of agricultural skills is backward. At the same time, a large number of rural labor force has to be transferred to the city, especially the young labor force. The gradual scarcity of rural human resources is very detrimental to the development of ecological agriculture. This paper analyzes the comprehensive benefits of ecological agriculture development in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River, including ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. According to the water condition of agricultural production, the ecosystem of Jinsha River is divided into four kinds of small systems, that is, rain-fed ecosystem, catchment and supplementary irrigation system (sloping land dryland) system. Water diversion irrigation (paddy field) system, wetland ecological agriculture system, by comparing the water situation and altitude of each system, selecting the suitable planting vegetation and animal breeding type, putting forward the concrete mode of ecological agriculture development suitable for each system. At the same time, some countermeasures are put forward to solve the problems such as insufficient utilization efficiency of water resources, protection of agricultural ecological environment, outflow of rural labor force, low economic benefit of agricultural products and backward agricultural rural infrastructure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F323.22
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