本文選題：農業(yè)節(jié)水　切入點：管理機制　出處：《河北農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界經濟的日益發(fā)展和人口數(shù)量的不斷增加,各國對水資源的需求加大,供需矛盾日益加劇。水資源已成為世界多國經濟快速發(fā)展的“瓶頸”因素。農業(yè)作為用水大戶,對水資源的消費使用超過90%,用水嚴重缺乏。同時農用水供應不足以及浪費現(xiàn)象的并存也使得我們越來越多的反思農業(yè)用水的管理。河北省為農業(yè)大省,同時也是嚴重的資源型缺水省份。長期以來,水資源供需矛盾加劇、水源污染嚴重、地下水過度超采,形成嚴重的地下漏斗區(qū)。水資源問題已經是制約河北省農業(yè)發(fā)展的重大瓶頸。本文運用實地訪談方法,從河北省水資源開發(fā)、供應及利用情況來了解農業(yè)在各行業(yè)用水中的情況,進而發(fā)現(xiàn)農業(yè)用水存在的主要問題。針對河北省從60年代至今的農業(yè)節(jié)水灌溉發(fā)展歷程、節(jié)水過程中各地區(qū)間技術采用以及節(jié)水管理機制來了解省內井灌區(qū)農業(yè)節(jié)水整體發(fā)展情況。而對于與其配套的節(jié)水管理機制則從水權確定、主體、分配、轉讓與交易等進行水權機制分析;衡水、張北、成安縣采用的水價來歸納總結井灌區(qū)水價定價機制;以用水者協(xié)會為主要合作組織來進行公眾參與節(jié)水研究。同時以目前節(jié)水取得較高成效的張北縣饅頭營鄉(xiāng)為案例,依托其自身地域特色及農田灌溉情況,分析蔬菜生產工程的開展情況及在此過程中蔬菜用水所運行的灌溉管理制度所涵蓋的內容(水價、協(xié)會、基金等),并研究采用此灌溉管理制度下蔬菜生產所取得的經濟、社會、生態(tài)等成效,來剖析其農業(yè)節(jié)水管理機制創(chuàng)新之處,總結機制運行經驗及啟示。最后選取不同運行機制地區(qū)運用利潤最大化模型進行農業(yè)節(jié)水效率的實證對比分析,主要從水權、水價及節(jié)水效果三方面展開。通過饒陽縣公共水權下的水資源無償使用與張北縣水權四級分配的水資源超額累價使用進行對比,分析研究何種管理機制利于節(jié)水高效開展。通過以上分析,本研究得出了井灌區(qū)農業(yè)節(jié)水管理機制的基本結論,并提出了相應的對策建議。主要結論如下:(1)農業(yè)節(jié)水的推進需政府建立水權明晰、水價創(chuàng)新、農戶自主參與的節(jié)水管理機制;(2)初始水權明晰基礎上逐級分配的水權制度更利于農業(yè)節(jié)水;(3)合理農業(yè)水價可以調節(jié)各方利益;(4)農業(yè)節(jié)水管理機制需在政府為主導的基礎上推進農戶參與管理。
[Abstract]:With the development of the world economy and the increase of the population, the demand for water resources and the contradiction between supply and demand are increasing. Water resources have become the "bottleneck" factor of the rapid economic development of many countries in the world. The consumption and use of water resources exceeds 90, and there is a serious shortage of water. At the same time, the shortage of agricultural water supply and the coexistence of waste phenomena also make us reflect more and more on the management of agricultural water use. Hebei Province is a big agricultural province. At the same time, it is also a serious resource-type water shortage province. For a long time, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has intensified, the water source pollution is serious, and the groundwater is over-exploited. A serious underground funnel area is formed. The water resource problem has been a major bottleneck restricting the development of agriculture in Hebei Province. This paper uses the method of field interview to develop water resources in Hebei Province. Supply and utilization to understand the situation of agricultural water use in various industries, and then to find out the main problems of agricultural water use. In view of the development process of agricultural water-saving irrigation in Hebei Province from the 1960s to the present, In the process of water saving, different regions adopt techniques and water saving management mechanisms to understand the overall development of agricultural water saving in well irrigation areas in the province. However, for the water saving management mechanism matched with it, the water right is determined, the main body, and the distribution, The water price of Hengshui, Zhangbei and Cheng'an is summarized to sum up the pricing mechanism of water price in well irrigation district. Taking the water-user association as the main cooperative organization to carry out the research on public participation in water-saving. At the same time, taking the case of steamed bread town in Zhangbei County, which has achieved higher results in water saving, relying on its own regional characteristics and irrigation situation of farmland, To analyze the development of vegetable production project and the contents (water price, association, fund, etc.) covered by the irrigation management system (water price, association, fund, etc.) and to study the economic and social benefits of vegetable production under this irrigation management system. This paper analyzes the innovation of agricultural water-saving management mechanism, summarizes the experience and enlightenment of agricultural water-saving management mechanism, and finally selects the profit maximization model to analyze the efficiency of agricultural water-saving in different operating mechanism areas. Mainly from three aspects: water right, water price and water saving effect. Through the comparison between the free use of water resources under public water rights in Raoyang County and the excess cumulative price use of water resources allocated by four levels of water rights in Zhangbei County, Through the above analysis, the basic conclusion of agricultural water-saving management mechanism in well irrigation district is obtained. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the promotion of agricultural water saving needs the government to establish clear water rights, water price innovation, The Water right system on the basis of the clarity of the initial Water Rights is more advantageous to the Agricultural Water Saving system (3) the reasonable agricultural water price can adjust the interests of all parties. 4) the agricultural water-saving management mechanism should be led by the government. On the basis of promoting farmers to participate in management.
【學位授予單位】：河北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.213

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本文編號：1698741