發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-02 04:16

  本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水　切入點(diǎn)：管理機(jī)制　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益發(fā)展和人口數(shù)量的不斷增加,各國(guó)對(duì)水資源的需求加大,供需矛盾日益加劇。水資源已成為世界多國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的“瓶頸”因素。農(nóng)業(yè)作為用水大戶,對(duì)水資源的消費(fèi)使用超過(guò)90%,用水嚴(yán)重缺乏。同時(shí)農(nóng)用水供應(yīng)不足以及浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象的并存也使得我們?cè)絹?lái)越多的反思農(nóng)業(yè)用水的管理。河北省為農(nóng)業(yè)大省,同時(shí)也是嚴(yán)重的資源型缺水省份。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),水資源供需矛盾加劇、水源污染嚴(yán)重、地下水過(guò)度超采,形成嚴(yán)重的地下漏斗區(qū)。水資源問(wèn)題已經(jīng)是制約河北省農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重大瓶頸。本文運(yùn)用實(shí)地訪談方法,從河北省水資源開(kāi)發(fā)、供應(yīng)及利用情況來(lái)了解農(nóng)業(yè)在各行業(yè)用水中的情況,進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)用水存在的主要問(wèn)題。針對(duì)河北省從60年代至今的農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水灌溉發(fā)展歷程、節(jié)水過(guò)程中各地區(qū)間技術(shù)采用以及節(jié)水管理機(jī)制來(lái)了解省內(nèi)井灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水整體發(fā)展情況。而對(duì)于與其配套的節(jié)水管理機(jī)制則從水權(quán)確定、主體、分配、轉(zhuǎn)讓與交易等進(jìn)行水權(quán)機(jī)制分析;衡水、張北、成安縣采用的水價(jià)來(lái)歸納總結(jié)井灌區(qū)水價(jià)定價(jià)機(jī)制;以用水者協(xié)會(huì)為主要合作組織來(lái)進(jìn)行公眾參與節(jié)水研究。同時(shí)以目前節(jié)水取得較高成效的張北縣饅頭營(yíng)鄉(xiāng)為案例,依托其自身地域特色及農(nóng)田灌溉情況,分析蔬菜生產(chǎn)工程的開(kāi)展情況及在此過(guò)程中蔬菜用水所運(yùn)行的灌溉管理制度所涵蓋的內(nèi)容(水價(jià)、協(xié)會(huì)、基金等),并研究采用此灌溉管理制度下蔬菜生產(chǎn)所取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、生態(tài)等成效,來(lái)剖析其農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水管理機(jī)制創(chuàng)新之處,總結(jié)機(jī)制運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)及啟示。最后選取不同運(yùn)行機(jī)制地區(qū)運(yùn)用利潤(rùn)最大化模型進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水效率的實(shí)證對(duì)比分析,主要從水權(quán)、水價(jià)及節(jié)水效果三方面展開(kāi)。通過(guò)饒陽(yáng)縣公共水權(quán)下的水資源無(wú)償使用與張北縣水權(quán)四級(jí)分配的水資源超額累價(jià)使用進(jìn)行對(duì)比,分析研究何種管理機(jī)制利于節(jié)水高效開(kāi)展。通過(guò)以上分析,本研究得出了井灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水管理機(jī)制的基本結(jié)論,并提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水的推進(jìn)需政府建立水權(quán)明晰、水價(jià)創(chuàng)新、農(nóng)戶自主參與的節(jié)水管理機(jī)制;(2)初始水權(quán)明晰基礎(chǔ)上逐級(jí)分配的水權(quán)制度更利于農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水;(3)合理農(nóng)業(yè)水價(jià)可以調(diào)節(jié)各方利益;(4)農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水管理機(jī)制需在政府為主導(dǎo)的基礎(chǔ)上推進(jìn)農(nóng)戶參與管理。
[Abstract]:With the development of the world economy and the increase of the population, the demand for water resources and the contradiction between supply and demand are increasing. Water resources have become the "bottleneck" factor of the rapid economic development of many countries in the world. The consumption and use of water resources exceeds 90, and there is a serious shortage of water. At the same time, the shortage of agricultural water supply and the coexistence of waste phenomena also make us reflect more and more on the management of agricultural water use. Hebei Province is a big agricultural province. At the same time, it is also a serious resource-type water shortage province. For a long time, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has intensified, the water source pollution is serious, and the groundwater is over-exploited. A serious underground funnel area is formed. The water resource problem has been a major bottleneck restricting the development of agriculture in Hebei Province. This paper uses the method of field interview to develop water resources in Hebei Province. Supply and utilization to understand the situation of agricultural water use in various industries, and then to find out the main problems of agricultural water use. In view of the development process of agricultural water-saving irrigation in Hebei Province from the 1960s to the present, In the process of water saving, different regions adopt techniques and water saving management mechanisms to understand the overall development of agricultural water saving in well irrigation areas in the province. However, for the water saving management mechanism matched with it, the water right is determined, the main body, and the distribution, The water price of Hengshui, Zhangbei and Cheng'an is summarized to sum up the pricing mechanism of water price in well irrigation district. Taking the water-user association as the main cooperative organization to carry out the research on public participation in water-saving. At the same time, taking the case of steamed bread town in Zhangbei County, which has achieved higher results in water saving, relying on its own regional characteristics and irrigation situation of farmland, To analyze the development of vegetable production project and the contents (water price, association, fund, etc.) covered by the irrigation management system (water price, association, fund, etc.) and to study the economic and social benefits of vegetable production under this irrigation management system. This paper analyzes the innovation of agricultural water-saving management mechanism, summarizes the experience and enlightenment of agricultural water-saving management mechanism, and finally selects the profit maximization model to analyze the efficiency of agricultural water-saving in different operating mechanism areas. Mainly from three aspects: water right, water price and water saving effect. Through the comparison between the free use of water resources under public water rights in Raoyang County and the excess cumulative price use of water resources allocated by four levels of water rights in Zhangbei County, Through the above analysis, the basic conclusion of agricultural water-saving management mechanism in well irrigation district is obtained. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the promotion of agricultural water saving needs the government to establish clear water rights, water price innovation, The Water right system on the basis of the clarity of the initial Water Rights is more advantageous to the Agricultural Water Saving system (3) the reasonable agricultural water price can adjust the interests of all parties. 4) the agricultural water-saving management mechanism should be led by the government. On the basis of promoting farmers to participate in management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F323.213

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