本文選題：生豬養(yǎng)殖污染　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境保護(hù)　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以“黃浦江死豬漂浮事件”發(fā)生后,嘉興市實(shí)施的生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型政策為研究對(duì)象,深入分析了地方政府履行環(huán)境保護(hù)職能推動(dòng)污染產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型的必要性、可行性和政策實(shí)施效果,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型政策提出改進(jìn)建議。本文首先分析了嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,認(rèn)為嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)經(jīng)歷“平—升—平—降”四個(gè)發(fā)展階段,呈現(xiàn)出養(yǎng)殖場(戶)總體數(shù)量大、主體規(guī)模小、規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(戶)產(chǎn)出大和養(yǎng)殖區(qū)域整體布局散、區(qū)域不平衡、局部密度高的發(fā)展特點(diǎn),并運(yùn)用綜合比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)法測算,得出嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)在浙江省具有一定發(fā)展優(yōu)勢,但發(fā)展優(yōu)勢的取得是建立在巨大的隱性環(huán)境成本之上,目前生豬養(yǎng)殖面源污染已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)出數(shù)量大、范圍廣、危害重的惡化趨勢。運(yùn)用公共產(chǎn)品、外部性和市場失靈理論分析,嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖污染嚴(yán)重的原因一方面是由于生豬養(yǎng)殖場(戶)的有限理性、生豬養(yǎng)殖污染信息的不對(duì)稱性、農(nóng)村環(huán)境的公共產(chǎn)品屬性、生豬養(yǎng)殖污染的負(fù)外部性、生豬養(yǎng)殖污染控制的正外部性等市場失靈因素導(dǎo)致,另一方面是由于法律法規(guī)不健全、補(bǔ)助政策過于剛性、產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃缺失、部門監(jiān)管不力、環(huán)境執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)、環(huán)保設(shè)施落后、公眾參與度低等政府失責(zé)因素導(dǎo)致。由此認(rèn)為,需要政府通過“有形之手”加強(qiáng)對(duì)生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的調(diào)控,實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護(hù)的目的。本文詳細(xì)描述了嘉興市在開展生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展工作中所采取的突出拆違減量、推進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展、控制養(yǎng)殖污染等各項(xiàng)政策措施。并發(fā)現(xiàn)嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型政策在實(shí)施過程中仍然面臨了依法推進(jìn)難、規(guī)劃執(zhí)行難、拆違成本大等拆違減量難題,轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)難、農(nóng)民增收難、轉(zhuǎn)型成本大、規(guī)模發(fā)展難等轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展難題,污染長效控制難、科技支撐待加強(qiáng)、無害化處理運(yùn)營難、市場作用發(fā)揮難等難題。對(duì)此,本文運(yùn)用演化博弈理論的方法,構(gòu)建了生豬養(yǎng)殖場(戶)和政府為研究對(duì)象的生豬養(yǎng)殖污染控制演化博弈模型,從政府、生豬養(yǎng)殖場(戶)和社會(huì)三個(gè)方面分析能夠控制生豬養(yǎng)殖污染的影響因素,進(jìn)一步探討嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展政策對(duì)污染控制的影響。本文認(rèn)為嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型政策存在強(qiáng)制手段為主導(dǎo)致行政成本大、監(jiān)管體系不健全導(dǎo)致成效維持難、市場化工具單一導(dǎo)致市場作用小和自愿方法缺乏導(dǎo)致治污主動(dòng)性不強(qiáng)等四方面不足。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了強(qiáng)化政府管理、引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型和鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)參與三點(diǎn)嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型政策改進(jìn)建議,并總結(jié)了嘉興市生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型政策對(duì)其他地方的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Taking the floating incident of dead pigs in Huangpu River as the research object, the paper analyzes the necessity of local government to carry out environmental protection function to promote the transformation of pollution industry. On the basis of the feasibility and the effect of the policy implementation, some suggestions are put forward to improve the transformation policy of Jiaxing pig breeding industry. Firstly, this paper analyzes the present situation of Jiaxing pig breeding industry. It is considered that the pig breeding industry in Jiaxing city has experienced four stages of development: "flat-ascending-flat-down", showing that the total number of farms (households) is large, the main body scale is small, the output of scale farms (households) is large and the overall distribution of breeding areas is scattered, and the regional imbalance is also found. Based on the characteristics of high local density and the comprehensive comparative advantage index method, it is concluded that Jiaxing pig breeding industry has some advantages in Zhejiang province, but the development advantage is based on the huge hidden environmental cost. At present, the non-point source pollution of pig breeding has shown a worsening trend of large quantity, wide scope and heavy harm. Using the theory of public goods, externality and market failure, On the one hand, the serious pollution caused by live pig breeding in Jiaxing City is due to the limited rationality of pig farms (households), the asymmetry of pig breeding pollution information, the public goods attribute of rural environment, and the negative externality of pig breeding pollution. Market failure factors such as positive externalities in the pollution control of pig breeding, on the other hand, are due to imperfect laws and regulations, rigid subsidy policies, lack of industrial planning, weak supervision of departments, lax enforcement of environmental laws, and backward environmental protection facilities. As a result of low public participation and government default, it is believed that the government needs to strengthen its regulation of pig breeding through "tangible hands." This paper describes in detail Jiaxing City in the development of pig breeding transformation and development work to highlight illegal reduction, promote the transformation of development, And found that in the process of implementing the transformation policy of Jiaxing pig breeding industry, it is still faced with the difficulty of advancing according to law, the difficulty of planning and implementation, the difficulty of dismantling illegal reduction, the difficulty of transferring production and transferring to work, and the difficulty of increasing farmers' income, such as the problem of illegal reduction, the difficulty of transferring production and transferring to work, and the difficulty of increasing farmers' income. In this paper, the evolutionary game theory is applied to solve the problems of transformation and development, such as the large cost of transformation, the difficulty of developing scale and so on, the difficulty of long-term pollution control, the need to strengthen the support of science and technology, the difficulty of dealing with harmless operation and the difficulty of playing market function. An evolutionary game model of pig breeding pollution control was established in pig farms (households) and the government. The influencing factors of pollution control in pig breeding were analyzed from three aspects: government, pig farms (households) and society. This paper further discusses the influence of the transformation and development policy of Jiaxing pig breeding industry on pollution control. This paper holds that the compulsory means of the transformation policy of Jiaxing pig breeding industry lead to the large administrative cost, the imperfect supervision system leads to the difficulty of maintaining the effect. The single market-oriented tools lead to the lack of market function and the lack of voluntary methods, which lead to the lack of active pollution control. On the basis of this, this paper proposes to strengthen government management. To guide industrial transformation and encourage social participation in Jiaxing pig breeding transformation policy improvement suggestions, and summed up Jiaxing pig breeding transformation policy for other places.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.3

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