本文關(guān)鍵詞： 景觀格局 土地利用 生態(tài)安全 懷來(lái)縣　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：懷來(lái)縣作為“環(huán)首都綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)圈”及北方重要的生態(tài)屏障,其土地利用生態(tài)安全狀況不僅關(guān)系縣域的土地資源利用和生活環(huán)境,還對(duì)首都周邊土地生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展帶來(lái)影響。近年來(lái)城市化進(jìn)程極大的改變了原有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和環(huán)境,對(duì)該縣乃至更大區(qū)域的土地生態(tài)安全構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),眾多學(xué)者對(duì)土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全評(píng)價(jià)進(jìn)行了廣泛研究,但建立土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系時(shí),既應(yīng)該考慮研究區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀特點(diǎn),又要考慮能夠反映區(qū)域主要土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題因果關(guān)系,同時(shí)兼顧研究的時(shí)間和空間尺度,目前這方面的研究還不夠完善。如何合理構(gòu)建土地生態(tài)安全指標(biāo)體系,分析區(qū)域土地利用生態(tài)安全演變規(guī)律,對(duì)于維護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)機(jī)制,建立生態(tài)文明制度至關(guān)重要�；赗S、GIS技術(shù)平臺(tái),以1996年、2004年、2012年懷來(lái)縣土地利用解譯圖為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)懷來(lái)縣1996~2012年期間的土地利用變化、景觀空間格局特征和演變進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、全面的分析,并根據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)及現(xiàn)狀狀態(tài)引入排序分析方法,對(duì)影響懷來(lái)縣土地利用景觀格局變化的因素進(jìn)行分析�；诖�,從土地承載力、土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性和土地景觀格局方面構(gòu)建土地利用生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,以3km×3km網(wǎng)格為評(píng)價(jià)單元,對(duì)懷來(lái)縣土地利用生態(tài)安全演變及預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)行研究,主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)在1996~2012年不同期段內(nèi)懷來(lái)縣主要以未利用地、林地為大宗土地利用類型。總體上呈現(xiàn)建設(shè)用地、園地、林地增加和耕地、水域、未利用地減少的趨勢(shì)。耕地和未利用地大量轉(zhuǎn)為建設(shè)用地,其它地類之間均有相互轉(zhuǎn)化。水域和林地的重心基本未發(fā)生變化,園地重心變化最大,移動(dòng)距離為3394m,其它地類次之。(2)從時(shí)間尺度和空間尺度兩個(gè)方面對(duì)懷來(lái)縣景觀格局指數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析,結(jié)果表明:1996-2012年懷來(lái)縣林地和未利用地等優(yōu)勢(shì)景觀類型面積降低,景觀形狀在總體上趨于簡(jiǎn)單,破碎化程度加劇。香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)、香農(nóng)均勻度指數(shù)、散布與并列指數(shù)高值區(qū)主要分布在懷來(lái)縣的中部地區(qū),并向南北方向依次降低,蔓延度指數(shù)則呈現(xiàn)相反趨勢(shì),表明懷來(lái)縣中部地區(qū)景觀類型多樣并存在優(yōu)勢(shì)景觀類型,但景觀中小斑塊數(shù)量較多,連通度較小。時(shí)空方面對(duì)比分析可知懷來(lái)縣景觀指數(shù)在區(qū)域內(nèi)部變化存在不均衡性。(3)從自然和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)兩方面選取指標(biāo),引入排序分析方法,探討土地利用景觀格局形成的規(guī)律。研究表明人口密度、GDP密度以及地形地貌對(duì)土地景觀格局產(chǎn)生較大的影響。(4)1996~2012年懷來(lái)縣用于生物生產(chǎn)的土地面積呈下降趨勢(shì),土地承載力指數(shù)下降了4.44×104ghm2;同時(shí)土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)平均值由0.6257下降到0.5914,其中縣域中部下降明顯;土地景觀格局指數(shù)平均值由0.53下降至0.43,在縣域中南部明顯降低;綜合土地利用生態(tài)安全指數(shù)平均值由0.68下降至0.65,土地生態(tài)安全狀況下降明顯,其安全指數(shù)的變異程度上升,變化幅度加大,空間關(guān)聯(lián)性下降,空間異質(zhì)程度上升。在1996~2012年期間總體上懷來(lái)縣土地利用生態(tài)狀況在多種影響因素的干擾下呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),區(qū)域內(nèi)部分異變化明顯和復(fù)雜。預(yù)測(cè)表明在短期內(nèi)除西南部山地丘陵區(qū)稍保持現(xiàn)狀以外,其余大部分地區(qū)均呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Huailai County as an important ecological barrier of the green ring the capital economic circle and the north, the land ecological security situation is not only the relationship between county land resources and living environment, the impact on the ecological sustainable development of land around the capital city. In recent years the process greatly changed the original ecological system and the environment, constitutes a serious the challenge of land ecological security in the county and even more extensive area, many scholars study the evaluation of land ecological security system, but to establish the evaluation index system of land ecological security system, should not only consider the current characteristics of the study area, but also consider the ecological system of the land area can reflect the main problem of causality, taking into account the research time and space scale, the current research in this area is not perfect. How to build a reasonable index system of land ecological security, analysis of regional land The use of ecological security evolution, for the maintenance of the ecological environment protection mechanism, it is important to establish ecological civilization system. Based on RS, GIS technology platform, in 1996, 2004, 2012, Huailai county land use interpretation map based on the land use change in Huailai county during the period of 1996~2012, characteristics of landscape spatial pattern and evolution of the system, comprehensive analysis and ranking analysis method is introduced based on the trend and status quo of Huailai County, influencing factors of land use and landscape pattern change analysis. Based on this, from the land carrying capacity, land ecosystem stability and landscape construction land use ecological security evaluation index system, using 3km * 3km grid as evaluation unit of Huailai county land use ecological security evolvement and prediction research, we draw the following conclusions: (1) 1996~2012 in different period in Huailai County in The use of land, forest land use types. For the large overall construction land, garden land, woodland, arable land and waters increased, unused land decreased. A large number of arable land and unused land into construction land, other land types of mutual transformation between gravity. Water and forest basically did not change the garden the change of gravity maximum moving distance is 3394m, the other kind of times. (2) the index of landscape pattern in Huailai county from two aspects of spatial and temporal scales were calculated and analyzed, the results showed that: 1996-2012 years of Huailai county forest land and unused land area decreased the dominant landscape, landscape shape in general tend to be simple. The fragmentation degree increased. Shannon Shannon's diversity index, evenness index, interspersion and juxtaposition index high value areas are mainly distributed in the central area of Huailai County, North and south direction decreased, the contagion index showed the opposite That trend, landscape types in central area of Huailai county and the dominant landscape diversity, but the landscape of small patches number, connectivity is small. Spatiotemporal comparative analysis of landscape in Huailai county shows that the index of the imbalance of the changes in the internal region. (3) selected from the natural and social economic indicators in two aspects, introducing sort analysis method. The research of land use landscape pattern formation rules. The research showed that the population density, GDP density and landform on landscape pattern influence. (4) 1996~2012 Huailai County for land surface biological production area decreased, land carrying capacity index fell by 4.44 * 104ghm2; while the land ecosystem stability index average decreased from 0.6257 to 0.5914, the central county decreased significantly; landscape index of land average value decreased from 0.53 to 0.43, was significantly lower in the central and southern counties; comprehensive The land use ecological security index average value decreased from 0.68 to 0.65, the land ecological security situation is decreased significantly, the variation degree of safety index rise, change rate increase, spatial correlation decreased, spatial heterogeneity increased. During 1996~2012 on the whole Huailai county land use ecological conditions show a downward trend in the interference of the various affecting factors within the region, differentiation changes and complex. Projections indicate that in the short term in hilly area of Southwest slightly to maintain the status quo, most of the rest of the region showed a downward trend.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2

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