發(fā)布時間：2018-01-28 17:43

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土地利用總體規(guī)劃 生態(tài)壓力 評價 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境安全問題關(guān)系到人民群眾的人身安全,社會穩(wěn)定,區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展和子孫后代的未來。土地利用是人類影響生態(tài)環(huán)境的主要方式,我國當前的土地管理實施土地規(guī)劃制度,由國家、省(市)、縣、鄉(xiāng)四級土地利用總體規(guī)劃主導地方的土地利用,這四級規(guī)劃層層控制指標分配,體現(xiàn)了國家對土地利用實行的控制、協(xié)調(diào)、組織和監(jiān)督,具有全局性和戰(zhàn)略性。土地利用總體規(guī)劃兼顧區(qū)域發(fā)展目標與生態(tài)建設(shè)目標,規(guī)劃期較長,一旦審批實施,會對區(qū)域造成根本性的生態(tài)影響,而當前我國的規(guī)劃環(huán)境評價體系并不十分完善,缺少針對小范圍,具有個性化的評估標準,使得評價結(jié)果可信度不高,區(qū)域適用性不強。本文針對縣級土地利用總體規(guī)劃展開具有區(qū)域特色的生態(tài)壓力評價,研究區(qū)位于黑龍江省東南部低山丘陵區(qū),農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)為主要產(chǎn)業(yè),地形復雜生態(tài)脆弱性高,面臨嚴峻的水土流失問題,且經(jīng)濟發(fā)展滯后,土地利用效率低,本文研究成果對改善區(qū)域生態(tài)、指導土地利用和總體規(guī)劃審批修編具有一定的意義。建立在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文從林口縣土地利用總體規(guī)劃(2006-2020)中獲取預期土地利用變化信息,確保評價結(jié)果與規(guī)劃的一致性,結(jié)合降水、土壤及人口預測數(shù)據(jù)對規(guī)劃可能產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)壓力從環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟和人口三個方面,選取8個指標加以評價。采用層次分析法和專家打分法相結(jié)合的方式確定權(quán)重并進行最后計算,避免了評價結(jié)果的主觀性,同時當?shù)貙＜业慕槿胍彩蛊涓哂械赜蜻m應(yīng)性,以行政區(qū)為評價單元,充分體現(xiàn)了不同發(fā)展重心在生態(tài)壓力上的差距,突出了規(guī)劃的影響力度,最后對林口縣11個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)進行生態(tài)壓力分級和優(yōu)化調(diào)控的建議,同時強調(diào)對生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生較大壓力的區(qū)域應(yīng)該在規(guī)劃審批時及時進行調(diào)整,以保證整個規(guī)劃的生態(tài)可行性。研究結(jié)果表明,11個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中,有3個處于一級壓力等級,5個處于二級壓力等級,另外3個處于三級壓力等級,生態(tài)壓力指標變化率分別為10%-15%,5%-10%和0-5%。受規(guī)劃壓力影響最大的三個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)分別為規(guī)劃期的工業(yè)發(fā)展中心,旅游建設(shè)區(qū)和工礦恢復區(qū),主要脅迫因素分別為新增大量建設(shè)用地,和自然保留地大面積轉(zhuǎn)用。優(yōu)化調(diào)控要求研究區(qū)以“西北生態(tài)保護旅游區(qū)”、“中部農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟綜合發(fā)展區(qū)”以及“東部工礦適度開發(fā)區(qū)”三大核心展開土地利用工作,并建議在規(guī)劃審批階段進行局部調(diào)整,以使規(guī)劃具有更好的生態(tài)可接受性。
[Abstract]:The security of ecological environment is related to the people's personal safety, social stability, regional sustainable development and the future of future generations. Land use is the main way that human beings affect the ecological environment. The current land management and implementation of land planning system in China is dominated by the national, provincial (city, county, township) four levels of land use planning, and the four levels of planning layer by layer control index distribution. It reflects the national control, coordination, organization and supervision of land use. It is of overall importance and strategic. The overall land use planning takes into account regional development goals and ecological construction objectives, and the planning period is longer. Once approved and implemented, it will have a fundamental ecological impact on the region, but the current planning environment evaluation system in China is not very perfect, the lack of a small scope, with personalized evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are not reliable and regional applicability is not strong. This paper aims at the overall planning of land use at the county level to carry out the ecological pressure assessment with regional characteristics, the study area is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province low hilly region. Agriculture and forestry is the main industry, the topography complex ecological vulnerability is high, facing the severe soil erosion problem, and the economic development lags behind, the land use efficiency is low, the research result in this paper improves the regional ecology. It is of certain significance to guide the land use and the approval and revision of the overall planning, which is based on the existing research. This paper obtains the expected land use change information from the overall land use planning of Linkou County (2006-2020) to ensure the consistency between the evaluation results and the planning, combined with precipitation. Soil and population forecasting data may have ecological pressures on planning from three aspects: environmental, economic and demographic. Eight indexes are selected to evaluate. AHP and expert scoring method are used to determine the weight and the final calculation to avoid the subjectivity of the evaluation results. At the same time, the involvement of local experts also makes it more adaptable to the region, taking the administrative region as the evaluation unit, fully reflects the gap in the ecological pressure of different development priorities, and highlights the impact of planning. At last, the suggestions of ecological pressure classification and optimal regulation in 11 villages and towns in Linkou County were put forward. Meanwhile, the regions with greater pressure on ecological environment should be adjusted in time when planning examination and approval. In order to ensure the ecological feasibility of the whole plan, the results showed that 3 of the 11 towns were in the first grade of pressure, 5 were in the second grade of pressure, and the other 3 were in the third grade of pressure. The change rate of ecological pressure index is 10-155- 10% and 0-50.The three towns most affected by the planning pressure are the industrial development centers in the planning period. In the tourism construction area and the industrial and mining recovery area, the main stress factors are the increase of a large number of construction land, and the large area conversion of the natural reserve land, respectively. The optimization of regulation and control requires the study area to "the northwest ecological protection tourism area". The "Central Agricultural Economic Comprehensive Development Zone" and "Eastern Industrial and Mining moderate Development Zone" three core to carry out land use work, and suggested in the planning approval stage to carry on the partial adjustment. In order to make the planning more ecologically acceptable.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.24

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