本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于國(guó)內(nèi)外比較的新疆兵團(tuán)棉花成本收益及補(bǔ)貼政策研究　出處：《塔里木大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 新疆兵團(tuán) 棉花種植 成本-收益分析 補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制

【摘要】：近年來,我國(guó)長(zhǎng)江和黃淮海兩個(gè)產(chǎn)棉區(qū)棉花產(chǎn)量逐漸下降,與此同時(shí)新疆棉花產(chǎn)量逐漸上升使得新疆的植棉責(zé)任進(jìn)一步凸顯。但是隨著生產(chǎn)要素和勞動(dòng)力成本的上升,以及自然天氣的不確定性,使得棉花種植的最終收益存在很高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),加之國(guó)家“減棉增糧”的農(nóng)業(yè)大政策,使得新疆兵團(tuán)棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。在此背景下,需要重新了解新形勢(shì)下棉花的利潤(rùn),農(nóng)戶種植棉花是有凈收益還是發(fā)生虧損,棉花的要素成本比重,農(nóng)民是否需要政策補(bǔ)貼,現(xiàn)行的棉花補(bǔ)償政策是否合理等等。對(duì)這些問題的探索,將有利于新疆兵團(tuán)棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。本文通過統(tǒng)計(jì)部門的數(shù)據(jù)和對(duì)植棉農(nóng)戶的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),采用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法對(duì)新疆兵團(tuán)棉花種植的成本與收益情況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究,并同三大產(chǎn)棉區(qū)以及全國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較,在成本收益分析基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)新疆兵團(tuán)植棉職工的棉花國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼進(jìn)行了機(jī)制分析。通過實(shí)證分析,得到了如下幾點(diǎn)主要結(jié)論:(1)新疆作為我國(guó)棉花播種面積和產(chǎn)量最大的區(qū)域,新疆兵團(tuán)是新疆植棉的最大區(qū)域。近幾年,新疆兵團(tuán)棉花播種面積規(guī)模及占全國(guó)比重持續(xù)增加,新疆兵團(tuán)棉花產(chǎn)量及占全國(guó)比重持續(xù)上升,新疆兵團(tuán)棉花單位面積產(chǎn)量也高于全國(guó)及新疆平均水平;(2)隨著棉花種植人工成本的上升,新疆棉花種植業(yè)出現(xiàn)了虧損,但以阿克蘇地區(qū)和本文調(diào)查對(duì)象為代表的新疆兵團(tuán)仍然處于正效益狀態(tài)。這主要源于新疆兵團(tuán)植棉的兩方面優(yōu)勢(shì),一是單位面積產(chǎn)值高,二是成本低;(3)植保費(fèi)、水費(fèi)和滴管費(fèi)對(duì)新疆兵團(tuán)棉花收益存在正作用,人工費(fèi)、機(jī)械作業(yè)費(fèi)和地膜費(fèi)對(duì)新疆兵團(tuán)棉花收益存在負(fù)作用,其余成本項(xiàng)目對(duì)棉花收益作用不顯著。(4)不同的師團(tuán)的每畝凈收益和家庭人均凈收益相差較大,使得各師團(tuán)的棉花補(bǔ)貼也不等。六師的每畝補(bǔ)貼額最高,一師一團(tuán)補(bǔ)貼額最低。本文分析發(fā)現(xiàn)純粹的目標(biāo)價(jià)格補(bǔ)貼制會(huì)導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)不公平現(xiàn)象,部分棉農(nóng)會(huì)因?yàn)閲?guó)家補(bǔ)貼而不去提高植棉效率,進(jìn)而降低了整體的植棉效益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, cotton production in two cotton-producing areas of Yangtze River and Huanghuai Sea has gradually decreased. At the same time, Xinjiang cotton production is gradually rising, the responsibility of cotton planting in Xinjiang has become more prominent. But with the increase of production factors and labor costs, as well as the uncertainty of natural weather. The final income of cotton planting is very high risk, and the national agricultural policy of "reducing cotton and increasing grain" makes the cotton industry of Xinjiang Bingtuan face many challenges. Need to re-understand the new situation of cotton profits, farmers planting cotton whether there is a net income or losses, cotton factor cost proportion, farmers need policy subsidies. Whether the current cotton compensation policy is reasonable or not. The exploration of these problems will be conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of Xinjiang bingtuan cotton industry. This paper through the statistics department data and survey data on cotton farmers. The cost and benefit of cotton planting in Xinjiang Bingtuan were studied in detail by using the statistical analysis method, and compared with the data of three cotton producing regions and the whole country, on the basis of cost-benefit analysis. The mechanism of cotton state subsidy for cotton planting workers in Xinjiang Corps was analyzed. Through empirical analysis, the following main conclusions were obtained: 1) Xinjiang is the region with the largest sowing area and yield of cotton in China. Xinjiang bingtuan is the largest region of cotton planting in Xinjiang. In recent years, the planting area of cotton and its proportion in the whole country have been increasing, and the cotton output and proportion of Xinjiang bingtuan have been rising. The yield of cotton per unit area in Xinjiang Bingtuan was also higher than that of the whole country and the average level of Xinjiang. 2) with the increase of the cost of cotton planting, the cotton planting industry in Xinjiang has been losing money. However, the Xinjiang Corps, represented by Aksu region and this article, is still in a positive state of benefit. This is mainly due to the two advantages of cotton planting in Xinjiang Corps, one is the high output value per unit area, the other is the low cost; 3) Plant protection fee, water fee and dropper fee have positive effect on cotton revenue of Xinjiang Bingtuan, and labor, machine operation and plastic film cost have negative effect on cotton revenue of Xinjiang Bingtuan. The effect of other cost items on cotton income is not significant. 4) the difference of net income per mu and per capita income of families of different division groups is larger, which makes the cotton subsidies of each division and regiment not equal, and the subsidy amount per mu of sixth division is the highest. This paper finds that the pure target price subsidy system will lead to unfair phenomenon, some cotton farmers will not improve the efficiency of cotton planting because of state subsidies. Thus, the overall benefit of cotton planting is reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F812.8;F302.6;F326.12

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