本文關鍵詞：黑龍江省大型灌區(qū)水價制定方法及管理模式探討　出處：《東北農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 水價制度 灌溉用水 灌區(qū)管理 水資源

【摘要】：水資源是我們無法缺少的自然資源,但目前在整個世界之內,水資源缺失所造成的危機已成為21世紀全球資源環(huán)境所面臨的主要難題。水資源短缺所造成的難題已經已經開始對人類社會與經濟發(fā)展造成比較重要的影響,真真正正的威脅到了人類的生命安全。因此,在進行經濟現(xiàn)代化建設的同時,我們也要注重水資源的保護和節(jié)約用水,合理使用水資源,使水資源的使用符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略要求。當前我國水資源供需矛盾日益嚴重,水資源危機已經對社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成了一定的影響,而隨著21世紀后人口爆炸式的增長和經濟更加快速的發(fā)展,社會的需水量逐步加大,而按照目前的發(fā)展形勢,勢必會造成水資源的供給量和水的質量滿足不了社會需求,使水資源的危機從我們生活的各個方面影響到我們。由于國情制約,我國內陸湖泊和河流污染嚴重,再加上可利用水資源總量嚴重不足,其中農業(yè)灌溉用水所占比例就達到了百分之七十五,而且許多灌區(qū)灌溉設施老化非常嚴重,輸水渠道漏水嚴重,灌區(qū)管理不善,大部分農民節(jié)水意識不強,導致很多用水并沒有應用到農田灌溉之上,而且長期以來,我國一直沒有一個完整的農業(yè)水價制定機理,導致農業(yè)用水的水價構成不完整,水價水平一直較低,進一步造成了水資源危機的加劇,使水短缺和水浪費現(xiàn)象并存,但這也從側面反映了我國農業(yè)用水具有很大的節(jié)水潛力。黑龍江省地處東北,降雨稀少,水資源短缺,人均水資源量不足全國人均水平,隨著全省經濟的快速發(fā)展,水資源危機已經日益嚴重。黑龍江省是國家產量大省,是重要的商品糧基地,全省共有8千多處大中小型灌區(qū),灌區(qū)糧食產量占到全省的40%。如果灌區(qū)糧食產量受到水資源影響而降低,勢必會影響到全省乃至全國的糧食安全,造成不可估量的損失。研究制定一個正確的水價機制,合理確立出水價的制定價格,深化農業(yè)用水的改革,整理灌區(qū)管理模式,已經成為黑龍江省灌區(qū)發(fā)展和改革的的一項重要研究課題。論文先回顧了解了國內外水價發(fā)展過程及以后可能的發(fā)展趨勢,分析了目前我國水價的現(xiàn)狀和產生的問題,對灌區(qū)水價形成機理進行了探討,了解了水資源價格構成的方法、原則和影響因子。灌區(qū)農業(yè)水價的合理制定要以科學核算為基石,本文以完全成本法為基礎評價分析工具,通過分析黑龍江省農業(yè)灌溉用水的特性和水價特點及影響價格的因素,將水資源豐缺程度,水資源利用效率,水資源開發(fā)條件和承受能力等因素引入水價的制定過程,使制定出來的價格更加貼合實際,易于使用。針對灌區(qū)在運行管理中出現(xiàn)的一系列問題,在不拿出大量資金進行改造的前提下進行調整規(guī)劃,以便適應水資源價格的變化,努力節(jié)約水資源的使用量,提高農業(yè)用水的使用效率,在保護水資源的同時,做到增產增收,提高農民收入,使灌區(qū)管理更有意義。
[Abstract]:We do not lack of water resources is the natural resources, but in the whole world, the lack of water resources caused by the crisis has become a major problem facing the global resource environment in twenty-first Century. The problem caused by the shortage of water resources has already caused important influence on human society and economic development, the true threat to the safety of human life. Therefore, in the construction of economic modernization at the same time, we should also pay attention to the protection of water resources and water conservation, rational use of water resources, make use of water resources strategy for the sustainable development. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in China is becoming increasingly serious, affect the water resources crisis has on the sustainable development of the society, with the development of population explosion and economic more quickly after twenty-first Century, the social demand gradually increased, and in accordance with the current The development of the situation, the quality is bound to cause the water supply and the water can not meet the needs of society, the water resource crisis we from affect every aspect of our lives. Because the national condition is restricted, inland lake and river pollution in China is serious, coupled with the use of water resources shortage, the agricultural irrigation water the proportion reached seventy-five percent, and many of the irrigation facilities aging is very serious, serious water channel Water Leakage, irrigation management, the majority of farmers' water saving consciousness is not strong, resulting in a lot of water and should not be used for irrigation, and a long time, China has not a complete agricultural water pricing mechanism, resulting in agricultural water the price is not complete, the price level has been low, resulting in further deterioration of water resource, water shortage and water waste coexist, but it also From the reflection of China's agricultural water saving potential is great. Heilongjiang province is located in the northeast, scarce rainfall, water shortages, less than the national average per capita water resources, with the province's rapid economic development, water resources crisis has become increasingly serious. Heilongjiang province is a national production big province, is an important commodity grain base. The province's total of more than 8 thousand small and medium-sized irrigation area, irrigation district yield accounted for the province's grain yield by 40%. if irrigation water resources decreased, it is bound to affect the province and the national food security, causing immeasurable losses. To study and formulate a correct pricing mechanism, establish a reasonable water pricing price reform the deepening of agricultural water management, organize irrigation area, has become an important research topic in Heilongjiang province development and reform. The paper first reviews the internal and external price The possible development trend of development process and after the analysis of the present situation of water price in China and the cause of the problem, the water price formation mechanism was discussed, understanding of the methods of water resources price structure, principle and influencing factors. To make reasonable scientific accounting as the cornerstone of agricultural water price of irrigation District, based on the full cost method based on Evaluation and analysis tools, through the analysis of agricultural irrigation water in Heilongjiang Province, the characteristics and water characteristics and factors affecting prices, water resources abundance, the utilization efficiency of water resources, water resources development conditions and affordability and other factors into the price setting process, make out the price of more practical, easy to use for. A series of problems in the operation and management of irrigation area, adjust the planning in the premise of not take out a lot of money to reform, in order to adapt to changes in the price of water resource, to We should economize on the amount of water resources and improve the efficiency of agricultural water use, protect water resources, increase production and income and raise farmers' income, which will make irrigation district management more meaningful.

【學位授予單位】：東北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S274;F323.213;F726

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本文編號：1424947