生態(tài)旅游對(duì)白馬雪山滇金絲猴影響的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-04 09:15
【摘要】：自然保護(hù)區(qū)不僅有保護(hù)野生瀕危動(dòng)植物的作用，同時(shí)集完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和原生態(tài)的自然景觀于一體，使之成為開(kāi)展生態(tài)旅游的最佳場(chǎng)所。然而，近年來(lái)開(kāi)展生態(tài)旅游的保護(hù)區(qū)越來(lái)越多，隨之出現(xiàn)的負(fù)面影響越來(lái)越多，如何平衡保護(hù)區(qū)的有效利用與合理保護(hù)是一個(gè)重要的課題。白馬雪山自然保護(hù)區(qū)滇金絲猴國(guó)家公園開(kāi)展旅游比較晚，旅游活動(dòng)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響還不甚明顯。但是由于滇金絲猴的獨(dú)特地位，是不允許經(jīng)受影響后再實(shí)施恢復(fù)措施，而是要在開(kāi)展旅游的過(guò)程中及早發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，找到解決的措施，這樣才能保護(hù)滇金絲猴，也能使生態(tài)旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 在2012年7~10月，采用焦點(diǎn)動(dòng)物觀察法和隨機(jī)觀察法實(shí)地調(diào)查獲取開(kāi)展旅游后的滇金絲猴的行為、食性等方面的信息。同時(shí)，采用入戶走訪結(jié)合訪談和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查等方法來(lái)了解滇金絲猴國(guó)家公園開(kāi)展旅游的情況。共走訪33戶。在獲得社區(qū)基本資料的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史資料了解社區(qū)開(kāi)展旅游前后的資源利用、經(jīng)濟(jì)收入等情況。另外，對(duì)進(jìn)入滇金絲猴國(guó)家公園的游客發(fā)放問(wèn)卷調(diào)查310份，有效回收304份。此外，以家庭為單位選取一具有代表性的滇金絲猴群中一目標(biāo)家庭為研究對(duì)象，記錄在游客觀賞時(shí)他們的行為時(shí)間分配、與游客的最近距離等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。與此同時(shí)，觀察投食食物的組成和觀猴點(diǎn)的植被組成類型、海拔高度等自然因子。最后，結(jié)合社區(qū)參與情況、游客的生態(tài)保護(hù)意識(shí)以及景區(qū)的開(kāi)展情況等內(nèi)容對(duì)景區(qū)內(nèi)的滇金絲猴管理進(jìn)行了分析并提出了相應(yīng)的建議。 結(jié)果表明：(1)響古箐的三個(gè)村民小組，共46戶197人；農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)是居民的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源，旅游參與和以采集松茸為主的非木材林產(chǎn)品是社區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要補(bǔ)充，旅游參與度較低。缺乏環(huán)境教育，參與旅游和保護(hù)環(huán)境的積極性不高。資源利用仍存在過(guò)度放牧、濫砍濫伐等問(wèn)題。(2)進(jìn)入國(guó)家公園的男性游客占63.7%，女性占36.3%，男女差別比較大；游客多來(lái)自云南省內(nèi)，占80.2%的比例；年齡則以20~50歲為主體，51~60歲之間次之，20歲以下所占比例較低，60歲以上的最少。79.0%的游客具有大專及以上的學(xué)歷，呈現(xiàn)出自主性、生態(tài)性、環(huán)保性、對(duì)國(guó)家公園有一定的了解并且能積極主動(dòng)配合景區(qū)人員的管理，但是仍然存在游客投食、對(duì)滇金絲大聲吼叫、扔石頭、隨地扔垃圾等現(xiàn)象。(3)自然因子中的海拔和天氣對(duì)猴群的休息、移動(dòng)、理毛和取食等行為均有不同程度的影響。同時(shí)，在人工飼喂?fàn)顟B(tài)下滇金絲猴的食譜發(fā)生了變化，其休息時(shí)間增加而移動(dòng)時(shí)間減少，表明滇金絲猴的活動(dòng)時(shí)間分配是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。（4）隨著游客密度的增加，特別是游客密度達(dá)到30人以上時(shí)，各個(gè)年齡組的個(gè)體休息時(shí)間明顯減少（p0.05），移動(dòng)時(shí)間迅速增多（p0.01），表明游客密度少于30人是滇金絲猴能承受的心理安全感的一個(gè)臨界值。（5）在人猴距離小于5m時(shí)，猴群移動(dòng)次數(shù)頻繁(p0.05)，持續(xù)時(shí)間也比較長(zhǎng)，滇金絲猴表現(xiàn)出精神緊張，焦躁不安；在大于10m時(shí)，，猴群移動(dòng)時(shí)間則明顯下降(p0.01)，表明游人與滇金絲猴之間的距離至少應(yīng)保持10m以上，才能使滇金絲猴的安全感增加，使人為干擾的影響相對(duì)減少。 總體分析表明，白馬雪山自然保護(hù)區(qū)在國(guó)家公園管理模式下，獲得了值得肯定的經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)、社會(huì)效益。但是，旅游才開(kāi)展3年，滇金絲猴的食性略有變化以及部分行為受到外界的干擾而發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。建議通過(guò)提高社區(qū)旅游參與水平，實(shí)施游客分流，完善旅游解說(shuō)系統(tǒng)，加強(qiáng)保護(hù)措施及建立滇金絲猴影響監(jiān)測(cè)機(jī)制等措施來(lái)減輕或消除對(duì)滇金絲猴及其生存環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響。
[Abstract]:The nature reserve not only has the function of protecting the wild and endangered animals and plants, but also integrates the complete ecological system and the original ecological landscape and makes it the best place to carry out the eco-tourism. However, more and more protected areas of eco-tourism have been carried out in recent years, and there are more and more negative effects. How to balance the effective utilization and reasonable protection of protected areas is an important topic. It is not obvious that the negative influence brought by the tourism activity is not obvious since the tourism is carried out at the National Park of Yunnan Golden Monkey National Park in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve. However, due to the unique position of Yunnan golden monkey, it is not allowed to carry out the recovery measures after the influence, but to find the problems early in the course of carrying out the tourism, find the measures to solve, so that the Yunnan golden monkey can be protected, and the eco-tourism can be continuously developed. In July ~ October, 2012, we used focus animal observation method and random observation method to obtain the behavior, feeding habits and other aspects of Yunnan golden monkey. Information. At the same time, visit the National Park of Yunnan Golden Monkey with the methods of household visit, interview, questionnaire and so on. Situation. Total visits 3 3. On the basis of obtaining the basic information of the community, combine the local historical data to understand the resource utilization and economic income before and after the tourism development In addition, 310 questionnaires were issued to tourists who entered the National Park of Rhinopithecus in Yunnan Province, and 30% of them were effectively recovered. 4. In addition, a target family in a representative Yunnan golden monkey group is selected as the research object in family units, and their behavior time distribution is recorded when tourists are viewed, and related to the nearest distance of tourists and so on. Data. At the same time, observe the composition of feeding food and the vegetation composition type, altitude, etc. of the monkey points. Finally, in combination with the community participation, the ecological protection consciousness of the tourists and the development of the scenic spot, the management of the Rhinopithecus in the scenic spot is analyzed and the corresponding measures are put forward The results show that: (1) There are 46 households in the three villagers' groups responding to the paleontology, and the agriculture and animal husbandry are the main economic sources of the residents, and the tourism participation and the non-wood forest products based on the collection of Tricholoma matsutake are the important supplement and tourism of the community economy. Low participation. Lack of environmental education, participation in tourism and protection of the environment The enthusiasm is not high. The use of resources still has over-grazing and deforestation. The number of male tourists entering the national park accounts for 63.7%, women account for 36. 3%, the difference between men and women is large, the number of tourists is from Yunnan Province, accounting for 80.2%, and the age is 20 ~ 5. The 20-year-old is the main body, the second is between 51 and 60 years old, the proportion below 20 years old is lower, the minimum of over 60 years old is 79. 0% of the tourists have a degree of college degree or above, show autonomy, ecology, environmental protection, have certain knowledge of national park and can actively cooperate with the scenic spot The management of the people, but there are still tourists to eat, shout at the Yunnan gold wires, throw stones, and throw them away. Waste and other phenomena. (3) The altitude and weather in natural factors are different for the rest, movement, hair and feeding behavior of the monkey group. At the same time, in the artificial feeding state, the recipe of the golden monkey changed, the rest time increased and the movement time decreased, indicating that the activity time distribution of the Yunnan golden monkey was a variety of factors. Results: (4) With the increase of the density of tourists, especially when the density of tourists reaches more than 30 people, the individual rest time of each age group is obviously reduced (P0.05), and the moving time is increased rapidly (p 0. 01), indicating that the tourist density is less than 30 people is the psychological safety that the Yunnan golden monkey can bear. A critical value was found. (5) When the distance between human monkeys was less than 5m, the number of monkeys was frequent (P0.05), and the duration was longer. 0. 01), indicating that the distance between the tourists and the Yunnan golden monkey should be kept at least 10m, so that the security of the Yunnan golden monkey can be increased, and the artificial interference is caused. The overall analysis indicated that the White Horse Snow Mountain Nature Reserve gained a positive economy under the national park management mode. However, tourism is only carried out for 3 years, the feeding habits of Yunnan golden monkey change slightly, and some behaviors are disturbed by the outside world. It is suggested that by improving community tourism participation level, implementing tourist diversion, perfecting tourism explanation system, strengthening protection measures and establishing the influence monitoring mechanism of Yunnan golden monkey to reduce or eliminate the Yunnan golden monkey and its students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：Q958;F592
本文編號(hào)：2309393
[Abstract]:The nature reserve not only has the function of protecting the wild and endangered animals and plants, but also integrates the complete ecological system and the original ecological landscape and makes it the best place to carry out the eco-tourism. However, more and more protected areas of eco-tourism have been carried out in recent years, and there are more and more negative effects. How to balance the effective utilization and reasonable protection of protected areas is an important topic. It is not obvious that the negative influence brought by the tourism activity is not obvious since the tourism is carried out at the National Park of Yunnan Golden Monkey National Park in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve. However, due to the unique position of Yunnan golden monkey, it is not allowed to carry out the recovery measures after the influence, but to find the problems early in the course of carrying out the tourism, find the measures to solve, so that the Yunnan golden monkey can be protected, and the eco-tourism can be continuously developed. In July ~ October, 2012, we used focus animal observation method and random observation method to obtain the behavior, feeding habits and other aspects of Yunnan golden monkey. Information. At the same time, visit the National Park of Yunnan Golden Monkey with the methods of household visit, interview, questionnaire and so on. Situation. Total visits 3 3. On the basis of obtaining the basic information of the community, combine the local historical data to understand the resource utilization and economic income before and after the tourism development In addition, 310 questionnaires were issued to tourists who entered the National Park of Rhinopithecus in Yunnan Province, and 30% of them were effectively recovered. 4. In addition, a target family in a representative Yunnan golden monkey group is selected as the research object in family units, and their behavior time distribution is recorded when tourists are viewed, and related to the nearest distance of tourists and so on. Data. At the same time, observe the composition of feeding food and the vegetation composition type, altitude, etc. of the monkey points. Finally, in combination with the community participation, the ecological protection consciousness of the tourists and the development of the scenic spot, the management of the Rhinopithecus in the scenic spot is analyzed and the corresponding measures are put forward The results show that: (1) There are 46 households in the three villagers' groups responding to the paleontology, and the agriculture and animal husbandry are the main economic sources of the residents, and the tourism participation and the non-wood forest products based on the collection of Tricholoma matsutake are the important supplement and tourism of the community economy. Low participation. Lack of environmental education, participation in tourism and protection of the environment The enthusiasm is not high. The use of resources still has over-grazing and deforestation. The number of male tourists entering the national park accounts for 63.7%, women account for 36. 3%, the difference between men and women is large, the number of tourists is from Yunnan Province, accounting for 80.2%, and the age is 20 ~ 5. The 20-year-old is the main body, the second is between 51 and 60 years old, the proportion below 20 years old is lower, the minimum of over 60 years old is 79. 0% of the tourists have a degree of college degree or above, show autonomy, ecology, environmental protection, have certain knowledge of national park and can actively cooperate with the scenic spot The management of the people, but there are still tourists to eat, shout at the Yunnan gold wires, throw stones, and throw them away. Waste and other phenomena. (3) The altitude and weather in natural factors are different for the rest, movement, hair and feeding behavior of the monkey group. At the same time, in the artificial feeding state, the recipe of the golden monkey changed, the rest time increased and the movement time decreased, indicating that the activity time distribution of the Yunnan golden monkey was a variety of factors. Results: (4) With the increase of the density of tourists, especially when the density of tourists reaches more than 30 people, the individual rest time of each age group is obviously reduced (P0.05), and the moving time is increased rapidly (p 0. 01), indicating that the tourist density is less than 30 people is the psychological safety that the Yunnan golden monkey can bear. A critical value was found. (5) When the distance between human monkeys was less than 5m, the number of monkeys was frequent (P0.05), and the duration was longer. 0. 01), indicating that the distance between the tourists and the Yunnan golden monkey should be kept at least 10m, so that the security of the Yunnan golden monkey can be increased, and the artificial interference is caused. The overall analysis indicated that the White Horse Snow Mountain Nature Reserve gained a positive economy under the national park management mode. However, tourism is only carried out for 3 years, the feeding habits of Yunnan golden monkey change slightly, and some behaviors are disturbed by the outside world. It is suggested that by improving community tourism participation level, implementing tourist diversion, perfecting tourism explanation system, strengthening protection measures and establishing the influence monitoring mechanism of Yunnan golden monkey to reduce or eliminate the Yunnan golden monkey and its students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：Q958;F592
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