【摘要】：鐵路貨運是我國國民經(jīng)濟中極為重要的骨干運輸方式,特別在大宗物資的運輸中起著舉足輕重的作用。近年來,我國鐵路事業(yè)取得了突飛猛進的發(fā)展,但相對于水運、公路等其他運輸方式,鐵路貨運在全社會整體貨運量中的占比呈下滑的態(tài)勢,且其物流增加值與其在貨運量中所占的比例相比顯得過低。這一方面與鐵路貨運負責(zé)運輸?shù)漠a(chǎn)品構(gòu)成有著密切的聯(lián)系,另一方面也與其體制與運作中的一些弊端息息相關(guān)。 作為曾經(jīng)的鐵路子弟,筆者長期以來一直關(guān)注著鐵路的改革與發(fā)展；同時作為一個致力于搜尋改革帶來的商業(yè)機遇的創(chuàng)業(yè)人,筆者也相信鐵路的改革孕育著巨大的創(chuàng)業(yè)機遇。因此,筆者選擇了鐵路貨運改革這一主題,在宏觀與微觀兩個層面上,分別就鐵路貨運改革的方向與路徑選擇以及民營鐵路貨運代理企業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略這兩個的問題展開研究并提出筆者個人的見解。 首先,本文作者通過對國內(nèi)外大量文獻的研究并經(jīng)過與相當(dāng)數(shù)量業(yè)內(nèi)權(quán)威人士的訪談,對當(dāng)前鐵路貨運的現(xiàn)狀進行了分析。在分析中,筆者運用了經(jīng)典的波特五力模型,并通過研究得出結(jié)論：當(dāng)前鐵路貨運領(lǐng)域存在著兩大基本矛盾,即(1)鐵路運能閑置與巨大物流需求缺口之間的矛盾；(2)大宗貨運業(yè)務(wù)模式與零擔(dān)高效運輸需求的矛盾。 緊接著,筆者對當(dāng)前國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的成因以及狀態(tài)進行了勾勒性的描述,運用STP的方法對鐵路貨運的目標(biāo)客戶進行了鎖定,并重點針對產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移為什么給鐵路貨運帶來了重大戰(zhàn)略機遇以及鐵路貨運現(xiàn)狀與戰(zhàn)略機遇的要求之間的差距進行了闡述。 鐵路貨運兩大基本矛盾以及產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移戰(zhàn)略機遇均要求鐵路貨運盡快實現(xiàn)向現(xiàn)代物流的轉(zhuǎn)型。接下來,本文對鐵路貨運轉(zhuǎn)型的必要性與可行性進行了闡述,并得出重要結(jié)論：鐵路貨運向現(xiàn)代物流的轉(zhuǎn)型其實質(zhì)就是鐵路承運人向第三方物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商的轉(zhuǎn)型。進而分析得出結(jié)論：轉(zhuǎn)型的突破口是大力加強鐵路融入集裝箱多式聯(lián)運物流鏈條的力度,通過這一先進的物流承載模式促進鐵路貨運各環(huán)節(jié)的改革與轉(zhuǎn)型。 最后,本文來到微觀的層面,運用了創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別理論、動態(tài)競爭理論等多種理論與方法,對民營鐵路貨運代理企業(yè)的定位與競爭戰(zhàn)略演變進行了探討。本文提出民營鐵路貨運代理企業(yè)在實現(xiàn)了成為一家成功的功能型第三方鐵路代理企業(yè)的目標(biāo)后,并不一定要向全流程的綜合型物流代理企業(yè)方向發(fā)展,也可以根據(jù)企業(yè)實際選擇跳躍式的發(fā)展道路向第四方物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商方向發(fā)展實現(xiàn)企業(yè)功能升級轉(zhuǎn)型。
[Abstract]:Railway freight transport is an important backbone transportation mode in our national economy, especially in the transportation of large quantities of goods. In recent years, China's railway industry has made rapid progress, but compared with other transport modes, such as water transport, highway and other transport modes, the proportion of railway freight in the overall freight volume of the whole society is declining. And its logistics added value is too low compared with its proportion in freight volume. On the one hand, it is closely related to the product composition of railway freight transportation, on the other hand, it is closely related to some drawbacks in its system and operation. As a former railway child, the author has been concerned about the reform and development of the railway for a long time, and as a entrepreneur who is committed to searching for the commercial opportunities brought by the reform, the author also believes that the reform of the railway gives birth to a huge opportunity to start a business. Therefore, the author chooses the theme of railway freight transport reform, at the macro and micro levels, This paper studies the direction and path choice of railway freight transport reform and the development strategy of private railway freight forwarder enterprises, and puts forward the author's personal opinions. First of all, the author analyzes the current situation of railway freight transportation by studying a large number of domestic and foreign literature and through interviews with a considerable number of industry authorities. In the analysis, the author uses the classical Porter's five-force model, and draws a conclusion through the research: there are two basic contradictions in the field of railway freight transport at present, namely (1) the contradiction between the idle railway transportation capacity and the huge logistics demand gap; (2) the contradiction between bulk freight business model and efficient transportation demand. Then, the author describes the cause and status of the current domestic industry transfer, and uses the STP method to lock in the target customers of railway freight transport. This paper also focuses on the reasons why the industrial transfer has brought great strategic opportunities to railway freight transportation and the gap between the present situation of railway freight transport and the requirements of strategic opportunities. The two basic contradictions of railway freight and the strategic opportunity of industry transfer require railway freight to realize the transition to modern logistics as soon as possible. Then, this paper expounds the necessity and feasibility of the transformation of railway freight transport, and draws an important conclusion: the transformation of railway freight to modern logistics is essentially the transformation of railway carriers to third-party logistics service providers. The conclusion is that the breakthrough of the transformation is to strengthen the integration of the railway into the container multimodal logistics chain, and to promote the reform and transformation of the various links of railway freight transport through this advanced logistics carrying mode. Finally, this paper comes to the micro level, using the entrepreneurial opportunity identification theory, dynamic competition theory and other theories and methods, discusses the positioning and competitive strategy evolution of private railway freight forwarding enterprises. After realizing the goal of becoming a successful functional third party railway agency, the private railway freight forwarder does not have to develop into a comprehensive logistics agent. We can also choose the leapfrog development path to the fourth party logistics service provider according to the actual situation of the enterprise to realize the transformation of enterprise function upgrading.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F532.6;F252

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