航空乘務員機型執(zhí)照規(guī)劃與簽派員生產規(guī)劃研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-16 08:24
【摘要】：近年來,隨著國民經濟的迅速發(fā)展及航空市場的逐步開放,航空運輸量和飛行范圍日益擴大,民航運輸飛行安全管理的工作越來越重要。影響航空運行安全的因素涉及飛行器/飛行輔助設備等硬件設備的可靠性技術因素、人員培訓體制/各種規(guī)章和程序等人為因素、組織和管理因素等,但其中最關鍵的因素是：“人”。加強對“人”的管理,其關鍵在于對飛行安全鏈條上所涉及的關鍵技術人才的管理。航空公司飛行安全鏈條上涉及的主要運行業(yè)務環(huán)節(jié)有飛行員、客艙服務、地面保障、機務工程和維修、運行控制。本文以客艙服務及運行控制部門的關鍵技術人才：客艙乘務員和飛行簽派員為研究對象,從安全角度出發(fā),研究客艙乘務員的機型執(zhí)照規(guī)劃問題和飛行簽派員生產規(guī)劃相關的一系列問題。本文的主要研究內容如下： 一、針對航空乘務員,分別基于生產保障度最大與乘務員人均收益均衡目標,在滿足生產任務需求、乘務員服務機型數量限制的條件下,研究乘務員機型執(zhí)照規(guī)劃問題,確定每個機型執(zhí)照組合的乘務員人數。這里,機型執(zhí)照組合指乘務員持有的機型執(zhí)照種類的集合。本文將乘務員機型執(zhí)照規(guī)劃問題分解為乘務員需求估計及乘務員機型執(zhí)照配置優(yōu)化兩個問題,并主要研究乘務員機型執(zhí)照優(yōu)化配置問題,該問題細分為下面兩個研究內容： (1)生產保障度最大目標下,乘務員服務機型數量限制的乘務員機型執(zhí)照配置優(yōu)化問題。生產保障度是機型執(zhí)照方案對生產運行保障度的評價指標,生產保障度越大,該機型執(zhí)照規(guī)劃方案越能應對未來生產的波動性。 (2)乘務員人均收益均衡目標下,滿足生產保障度和乘務員服務機型數量限制約束的乘務員機型執(zhí)照配置優(yōu)化問題。乘務員人均收益均衡是機型執(zhí)照方案對乘務員個人收益差異的影響指標。 二、針對飛行簽派員,研究的主要內容有： (1)對飛行簽派員的工作負荷進行刻畫,得到簽派工作負荷的高峰時段、分析具有較高峰值負荷簽派席位處理的航班組成狀況,為合理分配航線提供支持。 (2)將簽派放行席位的工作勞動強度用該席位單位時段的工作負荷來體現,研究基于峰值負荷最小的簽派放行席位任務調度問題,得到放行席位的峰值負荷最小的工作安排,為合理分配席位間的放行任務提供決策支持。 (3)給定簽派放行的的席位集合、放行任務集合和任務隨時間的工作負荷分布下,研究峰值負荷最小及總負荷量最小的雙目標下的簽派放行席位間的任務分配問題。 本文采用的方法和主要結論如下： 第一、在生產保障度目標下的乘務員機型執(zhí)照配置優(yōu)化問題中,本文提出一個解的構造算法,該算法對某一類問題可直接構造出最優(yōu)解,對其他類問題得到與最優(yōu)解差異最大為1/n0的可行解,這里n0是不同類型機型生產的需求人數的最小值。 第二、在生產保障度目標最大,人均收益均衡的客艙乘務員機型執(zhí)照配置優(yōu)化問題中,本文將問題抽象為每個箱子裝相同數量的物品,但物品的種類各不相同的一維裝箱問題,并提出一個基于LPT算法思想的貪婪算法,并得出k≤2,該算法給出最優(yōu)解；k2,最壞情況下的性能比為2-M-1的結論。這里,k是乘務員可持有的機型執(zhí)照數量,M是乘務員總人數。在k2下,又分析了k的具體取值對最壞情況性能比的影響。 第三、在基于峰值負荷最小的簽派放行席位任務調度的研究問題中,本文中將問題描述為有優(yōu)先序任務排序的單機排序問題,每個任務都有一個到達時間,截止期限和處理時間,目標是在不延誤完成任務的前提下,使機器的峰值負荷最小,并提出了一個有效算法,且證明出該算法給出的任務安排計劃是最優(yōu)安排。 第四、在簽派放行崗位間的任務分配問題中,本中采用兩種VNS算法-VND和RVNS來解決這個問題。在求解過程中,兩種領域選擇方式-插入和交換類型工作被定義并用在領域搜索算法中；Vazirani提出的修正的平行機調度啟發(fā)式算法被用來求解初始解。最后采用某航空公司的航班放行數據來評估我們算法的效能,案例的結果表明,VND與RVNS均能提供穩(wěn)定且較好的結果。 本文的主要創(chuàng)新點有,第一,首次對客艙乘務員機型執(zhí)照配置問題進行建模,并設計出有效算法(解構造算法和基于LPT算法思想的貪婪算法)求解；第二,首次對飛行簽派員的任務配置問題進行建模,并設計最優(yōu)算法求解。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy and the gradual opening of the aviation market, the air traffic volume and flight range are expanding day by day, and the work of aviation safety management is becoming more and more important. All kinds of rules and procedures and other human factors, organization and management factors, but the most critical factor is "people". To strengthen the management of "people", the key lies in the management of key technical personnel involved in the flight safety chain. In this paper, the key technical personnel of cabin service and operation control department, cabin crew and flight dispatcher, are taken as the research object. From the safety point of view, the problems of cabin crew's model license planning and a series of problems related to flight dispatcher's production planning are studied. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
Firstly, based on the maximum degree of production security and the goal of balancing the per capita income of the flight attendants, this paper studies the problem of aircrew type licensing planning and determines the number of crew members for each type licensing combination under the conditions of meeting the production task requirements and limiting the number of crew service types. This paper divides the problem of crew licence planning into two parts: crew demand estimation and crew licence allocation optimization, and mainly studies the problem of crew licence allocation optimization.
(1) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences with limited number of crew service aircraft under the maximum degree of production security. Production security is the evaluation index of production operation security for the scheme of crew type licences.
(2) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences to meet the constraints of production security and the number of crew service aircraft under the goal of per capita income balance.
Two, for the flight dispatchers, the main contents of the study are:
(1) Characterize the workload of flight dispatchers, get the peak time of dispatching workload, and analyze the flight composition with high peak load dispatching seats, so as to provide support for the rational allocation of routes.
(2) The work intensity of the assigned and released seats is represented by the workload of the unit time interval of the seats. The task scheduling problem of the assigned and released seats based on the minimum peak load is studied, and the work schedule with the minimum peak load of the released seats is obtained, which provides decision support for the rational allocation of the released tasks between seats.
(3) Given the set of dispatched and released seats, the task allocation problem between dispatched and released seats with the minimum peak load and the minimum total load is studied.
The methods and main conclusions adopted in this paper are as follows:
Firstly, in order to solve the problem of crew licence allocation optimization under the objective of production security, this paper proposes a solution construction algorithm, which can directly construct the optimal solution for a certain type of problem, and obtain the feasible solution with the maximum difference of 1/n0 from the optimal solution for other types of problems. Here N0 is the minimum number of demand for different types of aircraft production. Value.
Secondly, in the problem of optimizing the licence allocation of cabin crew with the maximal production guarantee and balanced per capita income, this paper abstracts the problem into a one-dimensional packing problem in which each box contains the same number of items, but the types of items are different. A greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm is proposed and K < 2 is obtained. The optimal solution is given; k2, the worst case performance ratio is 2-M-1. Here, K is the number of type licenses available to the crew, and M is the total number of crew members.
Thirdly, in the research of task scheduling for dispatch and release seats based on minimum peak load, this paper describes the problem as a single machine scheduling problem with priority task scheduling. Each task has an arrival time, deadline and processing time. The goal is to maximize the peak load of the machine without delay in completing the task. Small, and put forward an effective algorithm, and proved that the algorithm of the task scheduling plan is the best arrangement.
Fourthly, two VNS algorithms, VND and RVNS, are used to solve the task allocation problem between dispatch and release jobs. In the process of solving the problem, two kinds of domain selection methods, insertion and exchange type jobs, are defined and used in the domain search algorithm. The modified parallel machine scheduling heuristic algorithm proposed by Vazirani is used to solve the problem. Finally, we use the flight release data of an airline to evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm. The results of a case show that both VND and RVNS can provide stable and good results.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, for the first time, the problem of cabin crew licence allocation is modeled, and an efficient algorithm (solution construction algorithm and greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm) is designed to solve it; secondly, the task allocation problem of flight dispatcher is modeled for the first time, and the optimal algorithm is designed to solve it.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F224;F562
本文編號：2185439
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy and the gradual opening of the aviation market, the air traffic volume and flight range are expanding day by day, and the work of aviation safety management is becoming more and more important. All kinds of rules and procedures and other human factors, organization and management factors, but the most critical factor is "people". To strengthen the management of "people", the key lies in the management of key technical personnel involved in the flight safety chain. In this paper, the key technical personnel of cabin service and operation control department, cabin crew and flight dispatcher, are taken as the research object. From the safety point of view, the problems of cabin crew's model license planning and a series of problems related to flight dispatcher's production planning are studied. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
Firstly, based on the maximum degree of production security and the goal of balancing the per capita income of the flight attendants, this paper studies the problem of aircrew type licensing planning and determines the number of crew members for each type licensing combination under the conditions of meeting the production task requirements and limiting the number of crew service types. This paper divides the problem of crew licence planning into two parts: crew demand estimation and crew licence allocation optimization, and mainly studies the problem of crew licence allocation optimization.
(1) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences with limited number of crew service aircraft under the maximum degree of production security. Production security is the evaluation index of production operation security for the scheme of crew type licences.
(2) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences to meet the constraints of production security and the number of crew service aircraft under the goal of per capita income balance.
Two, for the flight dispatchers, the main contents of the study are:
(1) Characterize the workload of flight dispatchers, get the peak time of dispatching workload, and analyze the flight composition with high peak load dispatching seats, so as to provide support for the rational allocation of routes.
(2) The work intensity of the assigned and released seats is represented by the workload of the unit time interval of the seats. The task scheduling problem of the assigned and released seats based on the minimum peak load is studied, and the work schedule with the minimum peak load of the released seats is obtained, which provides decision support for the rational allocation of the released tasks between seats.
(3) Given the set of dispatched and released seats, the task allocation problem between dispatched and released seats with the minimum peak load and the minimum total load is studied.
The methods and main conclusions adopted in this paper are as follows:
Firstly, in order to solve the problem of crew licence allocation optimization under the objective of production security, this paper proposes a solution construction algorithm, which can directly construct the optimal solution for a certain type of problem, and obtain the feasible solution with the maximum difference of 1/n0 from the optimal solution for other types of problems. Here N0 is the minimum number of demand for different types of aircraft production. Value.
Secondly, in the problem of optimizing the licence allocation of cabin crew with the maximal production guarantee and balanced per capita income, this paper abstracts the problem into a one-dimensional packing problem in which each box contains the same number of items, but the types of items are different. A greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm is proposed and K < 2 is obtained. The optimal solution is given; k2, the worst case performance ratio is 2-M-1. Here, K is the number of type licenses available to the crew, and M is the total number of crew members.
Thirdly, in the research of task scheduling for dispatch and release seats based on minimum peak load, this paper describes the problem as a single machine scheduling problem with priority task scheduling. Each task has an arrival time, deadline and processing time. The goal is to maximize the peak load of the machine without delay in completing the task. Small, and put forward an effective algorithm, and proved that the algorithm of the task scheduling plan is the best arrangement.
Fourthly, two VNS algorithms, VND and RVNS, are used to solve the task allocation problem between dispatch and release jobs. In the process of solving the problem, two kinds of domain selection methods, insertion and exchange type jobs, are defined and used in the domain search algorithm. The modified parallel machine scheduling heuristic algorithm proposed by Vazirani is used to solve the problem. Finally, we use the flight release data of an airline to evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm. The results of a case show that both VND and RVNS can provide stable and good results.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, for the first time, the problem of cabin crew licence allocation is modeled, and an efficient algorithm (solution construction algorithm and greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm) is designed to solve it; secondly, the task allocation problem of flight dispatcher is modeled for the first time, and the optimal algorithm is designed to solve it.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F224;F562
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