本文選題：鐵路貨物運輸　切入點：投入產(chǎn)出　出處：《華東交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自美國第一條鐵路的誕生以來，鐵路行業(yè)便在全美社會發(fā)展中以不可替代的歷史地位存在著，盡管在這一百多年的時間里經(jīng)歷了各種高低起伏，然而自1980年以來美國鐵路效率穩(wěn)步提升，成為當今全球最安全有效的鐵路貨運系統(tǒng)，其成長歷程和個中緣由值得深究。全文在此問題的基礎(chǔ)上進一步延伸，將可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟因素納入研究范圍，并提出三個問題：美國鐵路行業(yè)這樣高速且可持續(xù)的增長的是哪些要素起了作用？技術(shù)和規(guī)模能否帶來的管理成本的下降和運營效率的提升？投資的重心在哪里更為合理？出對以上問題的解釋，通過對國內(nèi)外研究成果加以梳理，選取2003至2012年美國鐵路貨運行業(yè)一級鐵路的數(shù)據(jù)進行分析，并依據(jù)理論基礎(chǔ)所提出的假設(shè)進行實證檢驗。最終得出如下結(jié)論： 作為問題一的回答，發(fā)現(xiàn)一部分要素的投入與企業(yè)投資水平之間存在著顯著的正相關(guān)性。美國鐵路貨運公司在成本控制和市場拓展等方面，達到了較高的水平，對于全行業(yè)的收入水平的提高，具有推動作用。 作為問題二的回答，在投資效率層面，鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投入與鐵路運營規(guī)模效益存在著顯著的正相關(guān)性，也就是說，對鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的改造投入，有利于維持并擴大其運營規(guī)模并產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的效益。 作為問題三的回答，合理優(yōu)化資源配置，尤其是移動設(shè)備的配置，有助于技術(shù)效率的提高，根據(jù)貨運作業(yè)效率、經(jīng)濟效益、以及社會效益的標準，既符合企業(yè)經(jīng)濟效益的實現(xiàn)，又滿足社會對于公共服務(wù)的需求。 基于以上結(jié)論，文章試圖對國內(nèi)鐵路貨運市場的規(guī)范性和企業(yè)投資決策的效率性提出建議，，希望能為企業(yè)和資本市場健康有序的發(fā)展做出貢獻。尤其是借助對美國為代表的發(fā)達國家鐵路運營和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護狀況的研究，就投入產(chǎn)出效率方面進行深入分析，為我國鐵路行業(yè)尤其是鐵路貨運行業(yè)提供參考與借鑒。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the first railroad in the United States, the railway industry has existed as an irreplaceable historical position in the development of American society, although it has experienced various ups and downs in the past 100 years. However, since 1980, US railway efficiency has steadily improved, becoming the safest and most effective rail freight system in the world today. Bring possible economic factors to the scope of the study and ask three questions: what are the factors that have contributed to such rapid and sustainable growth in the US railway industry? Can technology and scale lead to lower management costs and higher operational efficiency? Where is the focus of investment more reasonable? To explain the above problems, through combing the domestic and foreign research results, select 2003 to 2012, the U. S. Railway Freight Industry Class I railway data for analysis, And according to the theoretical basis of the hypothesis for empirical testing. Finally, the following conclusions:. As an answer to question 1, it is found that there is a significant positive correlation between the input of some elements and the level of enterprise investment. American railway freight companies have reached a higher level in terms of cost control and market expansion. To the whole industry's income level enhancement, has the promotion function. As the answer to question 2, at the level of investment efficiency, there is a significant positive correlation between the investment in railway infrastructure and the scale benefit of railway operation, that is, the investment in the reconstruction of railway infrastructure. It is advantageous to maintain and expand its operation scale and produce corresponding benefits. As an answer to question 3, reasonable optimization of resource allocation, especially the allocation of mobile devices, will contribute to the improvement of technical efficiency, according to the standards of efficiency, economic benefits, and social benefits of freight transport. It is not only in line with the realization of economic benefits of enterprises, but also meet the needs of public services. Based on the above conclusions, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions on the standardization of domestic railway freight market and the efficiency of enterprises' investment decisions. Hoping to contribute to the healthy and orderly development of enterprises and capital markets. In particular, with the help of a study on railway operation and infrastructure maintenance in developed countries represented by the United States, the paper makes an in-depth analysis of input-output efficiency. It provides reference for our railway industry, especially for railway freight industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F537.12

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