本文關(guān)鍵詞： 碳排放 聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸 累進(jìn)碳稅機(jī)制 路徑優(yōu)化　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益增長,全球?qū)Α暗吞蓟钡年P(guān)注度也越來越高,許多國家已經(jīng)開始對碳排放進(jìn)行碳稅政策的實施。因此,未來無論從經(jīng)濟(jì)或環(huán)境方面考慮,我國都應(yīng)將碳排放因素在社會發(fā)展各個領(lǐng)域問題中提出并重視。交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)是我國十大重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,因此發(fā)展“低碳化運(yùn)輸”是很有必要的,而隨著我國運(yùn)輸需求的不斷增加,單一的運(yùn)輸方式已經(jīng)越來越無法滿足運(yùn)輸最優(yōu)化的要求。根據(jù)研究表明,聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸是環(huán)境友好型的運(yùn)輸模式,能有效降低企業(yè)的貨物運(yùn)輸成本,減少運(yùn)輸碳排放量和運(yùn)輸時間,并提高運(yùn)輸質(zhì)量。所以在貨物運(yùn)輸方式選擇方面,加強(qiáng)聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸?shù)氖褂每梢杂行p少運(yùn)輸碳排放量,降低污染并緩解溫室效應(yīng)。因此,在倡導(dǎo)低碳運(yùn)輸和未來碳稅政策的背景下,本文從我國國情出發(fā),綜合考慮碳排放和成本因素,通過引入分段累進(jìn)碳稅機(jī)制,建立了考慮碳排放成本的聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化模型。本文的研究內(nèi)容可分為如下幾個部分:首先,在對國內(nèi)外重要期刊上的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)閱讀研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過總結(jié)現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)中的成果和不足,提出本文研究方向與研究重點(diǎn)。然后查閱整理國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),明確貨物聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸各不同運(yùn)輸方式的單位運(yùn)輸成本、單位轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)成本等,確定聯(lián)運(yùn)過程中各運(yùn)輸方式的單位碳排放量和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)碳排放量,并通過引入分段累進(jìn)碳稅機(jī)制,將貨物聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸全過程中的碳排放量轉(zhuǎn)化為碳排放成本,為下一步聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化模型的建立奠定基礎(chǔ)。其次,本文在考慮時間限制約束條件的基礎(chǔ)上,采用軟時間窗策略,加入時間偏離懲罰函數(shù),分別構(gòu)建以成本、碳排放量為目標(biāo)的傳統(tǒng)聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化模型,并最后結(jié)合前兩個模型,建立以運(yùn)輸成本、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)成本、其他成本以及貨物運(yùn)輸和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過程中產(chǎn)生的碳排放成本最小為目標(biāo)的低碳聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化模型,并設(shè)計遺傳算法和Dijkstra-K最短路算法相結(jié)合的混合算法,利用Matlab軟件編程對該模型進(jìn)行求解。最后,通過實例分析對本文提出的考慮碳排放成本的聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化模型和算法的實用性以及有效性進(jìn)行驗證,并應(yīng)用某貨運(yùn)企業(yè)的實際數(shù)據(jù)對累進(jìn)碳稅機(jī)制的有效性進(jìn)行討論分析,對貨物運(yùn)輸企業(yè)未來在進(jìn)行聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸路徑和方式的選擇決策有一定的參考意義。
[Abstract]:With the increasing social and economic growth, the global attention to "low carbonization" is increasing. Many countries have begun to implement carbon tax policies on carbon emissions. Therefore, in the future, whether from the economic or environmental point of view, In China, carbon emission factors should be put forward and paid attention to in all fields of social development. Transportation industry is one of the ten key industries in China, so it is necessary to develop "low-carbon transportation". However, with the increasing demand of transportation in China, the single mode of transportation has been unable to meet the requirements of transportation optimization. According to the research, combined transportation is an environmentally friendly mode of transportation. It can effectively reduce the cost of transport of goods, reduce the carbon emissions and time of transportation, and improve the quality of transport. Therefore, in the choice of mode of transport of goods, the use of combined transport can effectively reduce the carbon emissions of transport. Therefore, under the background of advocating low-carbon transportation and future carbon tax policy, this paper considers the carbon emission and cost factors comprehensively, and introduces the progressive carbon tax mechanism through the introduction of piecewise progressive carbon tax mechanism. The research contents of this paper can be divided into the following parts: first of all, on the basis of reading the relevant literature in some important journals at home and abroad, By summing up the achievements and shortcomings of the existing literature, this paper puts forward the research direction and research emphases. Then, by referring to the relevant documents at home and abroad, the unit transport cost and unit transit cost of the different modes of combined transport of goods are clarified. Determining the unit carbon emissions and transshipment carbon emissions of each mode of transport during combined transport, and converting carbon emissions from the entire process of joint transport of goods into carbon emission costs through the introduction of a piecewise progressive carbon tax mechanism, Secondly, on the basis of considering the constraints of time constraints, this paper adopts the soft time window strategy, adds the time deviation penalty function, and constructs the cost, respectively. The traditional combined transport path optimization model with carbon emissions as the goal, and finally combined with the first two models, to establish transport costs, transport costs, A low carbon combined transport path optimization model with minimum cost of carbon emissions from other costs and the minimum cost of freight transportation and transshipment is proposed, and a hybrid algorithm based on genetic algorithm and Dijkstra-K shortest path algorithm is designed. The model is solved by Matlab software. Finally, the practicability and validity of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by an example. The validity of the progressive carbon tax mechanism is discussed and analyzed by using the actual data of a freight transport enterprise, which has certain reference significance for the choice of the way and mode of joint transportation in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X322;F512.4

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