本文選題：碳交易市場(chǎng) + 清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制��； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球變暖問(wèn)題受到了世界各國(guó)廣泛關(guān)注,2005年《京都議定書(shū)》生效,簽約國(guó)達(dá)成碳減排共識(shí)并且形成了三種市場(chǎng)機(jī)制：國(guó)際排放權(quán)交易、聯(lián)合實(shí)施機(jī)制、清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制。通過(guò)這三種市場(chǎng)機(jī)制,排放二氧化碳等溫室氣體成為一種權(quán)利,溫室氣體減排量成為無(wú)形商品,具有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,可以交易,這就成為碳交易市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。我國(guó)主要參與其中的清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制。在此基礎(chǔ)上的碳交易市場(chǎng)發(fā)展活躍,歐盟和美國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家率先進(jìn)入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域,并且形成了比較成熟的交易體系,其中歐盟溫室氣體排放貿(mào)易機(jī)制在全球碳交易市場(chǎng)中占主導(dǎo)地位。 我國(guó)的碳交易市場(chǎng)也開(kāi)始起步,發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?在國(guó)際碳交易市場(chǎng)上主要作為賣方向有減排責(zé)任的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家出售減排額,并且我國(guó)獲得的經(jīng)核證減排量占全球一半,是主要的供應(yīng)者。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)成立了北京環(huán)境交易所、上海環(huán)境能源交易所、天津排放權(quán)交易所、深圳排放權(quán)交易所等。 但是我國(guó)的碳交易市場(chǎng)也存在很多問(wèn)題。首先是相關(guān)的制度落后,主要原因是我國(guó)現(xiàn)在還處于工業(yè)飛速發(fā)展的階段,能源消費(fèi)和碳排放總量的增加是不可避免的；各地的能源消耗和能源使用效率差異大,行業(yè)上存在條塊分割,難以以區(qū)域?yàn)閱挝粚?shí)行配額；能源消耗與企業(yè)發(fā)展之間矛盾；粗放式增長(zhǎng)倒逼我國(guó)難以建立規(guī)范的交易制度；碳交易發(fā)展過(guò)程中主要依賴行政力量,市場(chǎng)沒(méi)有發(fā)揮作用。除此之外,還存在著CDM項(xiàng)目發(fā)展速度相對(duì)于我國(guó)的減排潛力相去甚遠(yuǎn),CDM快速發(fā)展的方向與國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)的方向不一致,成功注冊(cè)的項(xiàng)目數(shù)量相對(duì)于印度和巴西落后,金融發(fā)展緩慢成為瓶頸。全球的金融危機(jī)也給我國(guó)的碳交易發(fā)展造成了一定的影響,企業(yè)的減排積極性受到打擊,買(mǎi)方資金的抽逃使得我國(guó)市場(chǎng)秩序混亂,相對(duì)于比較完善的歐盟市場(chǎng)更加缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力�！毒┒甲h定書(shū)》到期后,我國(guó)很有可能要在國(guó)際壓力下承擔(dān)減排義務(wù),那時(shí)會(huì)直接影響我國(guó)可供交易額碳排放量。同時(shí),在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中印度與我國(guó)情況相似,是我國(guó)強(qiáng)勁的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。 我國(guó)的碳交易市場(chǎng)主要是靠政府推動(dòng)的,所以在發(fā)展過(guò)程中相關(guān)政策和管理部門(mén)的作用非常大,也為今后的發(fā)展打下基礎(chǔ)。我國(guó)主要參與CDM交易,所以國(guó)內(nèi)CDM項(xiàng)目全面監(jiān)管框架比較完善。國(guó)內(nèi)審批部門(mén)有國(guó)家氣候變化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組、國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)、科技部等,在國(guó)內(nèi)審批通過(guò)之后CDM項(xiàng)目的申報(bào)材料還要由有資質(zhì)的第三方認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)審定核實(shí)、出具結(jié)論性的報(bào)告,然后送到聯(lián)合國(guó)執(zhí)行理事會(huì)申請(qǐng)注冊(cè)。在聯(lián)合國(guó)CDM執(zhí)行理事會(huì)注冊(cè)成功后,項(xiàng)目可以開(kāi)始實(shí)施減排活動(dòng)了。我國(guó)的碳市場(chǎng)具有一個(gè)突出的特征,這就是在必要的情況下,由政府為特定項(xiàng)目的CERs制定出不成文的指導(dǎo)性價(jià)格,我國(guó)政府和實(shí)施項(xiàng)目的企業(yè)擁有清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目中轉(zhuǎn)讓溫室氣體減排量而獲得的收益。同時(shí),我國(guó)參與的CERs價(jià)格存在價(jià)格顯著偏低的情況,主要原因是我國(guó)缺乏定價(jià)權(quán),其不利影響是：從短期看,我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)參與碳交易的企業(yè)損失了巨額經(jīng)濟(jì)收益；從中期看,對(duì)碳交易定價(jià)權(quán)的爭(zhēng)取不利；從長(zhǎng)期看,未來(lái)如果我國(guó)也承擔(dān)減排義務(wù),那么國(guó)內(nèi)的企業(yè)就會(huì)面臨高價(jià)回購(gòu)碳排放權(quán)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 所以,針對(duì)我國(guó)目前碳交易市場(chǎng)發(fā)展中的問(wèn)題,本文中提出了幾點(diǎn)建議：在碳排放權(quán)交易中引入期權(quán)定價(jià)機(jī)制；用政策推動(dòng)全國(guó)性碳交易體系；采用基于行業(yè)和企業(yè)的基線與信用交易制,從而避免條塊分割造成的混亂；提高企業(yè)的碳交易意識(shí),鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新,提高技術(shù)含量,提高能源使用效率,大力發(fā)展清潔能源,優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、能源生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)；從目前的行政推動(dòng)逐漸過(guò)渡到市場(chǎng)推動(dòng),注意行政推動(dòng)與市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的互補(bǔ)；推進(jìn)人民幣國(guó)際化進(jìn)程,這個(gè)進(jìn)程其實(shí)與我國(guó)碳交易市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展是相輔相成的,互相促進(jìn)的；整合各地零散的能源、環(huán)境等相關(guān)的排放權(quán)交易所,建立全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的碳交易中心,信息共享,形成聯(lián)動(dòng)等等。
[Abstract]:The issue of global warming is widely watched by the countries of the world . In 2005 , the Kyoto Protocol entered into force , and the signatory countries entered into a consensus on carbon emission reduction and formed three market mechanisms : international emission trading , joint implementation mechanism and clean development mechanism . Through these three market mechanisms , greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide have become a right , and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases has become the basis for the development of carbon trading market . In China , the carbon trading market is active , and the developed countries such as the European Union and the United States have taken the lead in this area and formed a relatively mature trading system , in which the EU greenhouse gas emission trading mechanism dominates the global carbon trading market .

China ' s carbon trading market has also started to start , the potential for development is large , and in the international carbon trading market , the developed countries mainly sell emission reduction in the developed countries with emission reduction responsibilities , and the certified emission reduction in China accounts for half of the world , which is the main supplier . At present , Beijing Environmental Exchange , Shanghai Environmental Energy Exchange , Tianjin Emission Trading Exchange and Shenzhen Emission Trading Exchange etc . have been set up in China .

But China ' s carbon trading market also has a lot of problems . First , the related system is backward , mainly because our country is still in the stage of industrial rapid development , the increase of energy consumption and carbon emission is inevitable ;
There is a large difference in energy consumption and energy use efficiency all over the country , there is a division in the industry , it is difficult to carry out quotas in units of regional units ;
The contradiction between energy consumption and enterprise development ;
The rough growth reversed our country ' s difficult to establish a standardized trading system ;
In addition , the development rate of CDM project is far from that of China . In addition , the development speed of CDM project is far from that of China . In addition , the direction of CDM rapid development is not consistent with the direction of national encouragement . The number of successful registered projects has caused a certain impact on China ' s carbon trading development . The global financial crisis has caused the market order of our country to be confused . At the same time , China is likely to bear the emission reduction obligations under international pressure . At the same time , China is similar to our country in the international market , which is a strong competitor in our country .

China ' s carbon trading market is mainly driven by the government , so the role of relevant policies and management departments in the development process is very big , it also lays a foundation for the future development . The domestic approval department has a prominent feature of the national climate change leading group , the National Development and Reform Commission , the Ministry of Science and Technology and so on . At the same time , China ' s participation in the CDM project has a prominent feature . At the same time , China ' s participation in the CDM project has a prominent feature , which is mainly due to the lack of pricing power in our country .
In the medium term , adverse effects on the pricing power of carbon trading ;
In the long run , if our country also assumes the obligation of emission reduction , domestic enterprises will face the risk of high price buy - back carbon emission right .

Therefore , aiming at the problems in the development of carbon trading market in China , some suggestions are put forward : the option pricing mechanism is introduced in the carbon emission trading .
Promote national carbon trading system by policy ;
Adopting the baseline and credit trading system based on industry and enterprise , thus avoiding the confusion caused by the segmentation ;
improve the carbon trading consciousness of enterprises , encourage enterprises to innovate , improve the technical content , improve energy use efficiency , vigorously develop clean energy , optimize industrial structure and energy production structure ;
From the current administrative impetus to the market promotion , pay attention to the complementation between the administrative push and the market mechanism ;
The process of internationalizing RMB internationalization is in fact complementary and mutually reinforcing with the development of China ' s carbon trading market ;
Integration of scattered energy , environment and other relevant emission rights exchanges , the establishment of a national unified carbon trading center , information sharing , formation linkage and so on .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：X196

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 黃雯;論我國(guó)環(huán)境交易所法律制度的構(gòu)建[D];山東師范大學(xué);2013年

2 張家瑩;企業(yè)的低碳國(guó)際融資模式及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避[D];西南交通大學(xué);2013年

3 董曉梅;我國(guó)碳減排的成本和效益分析[D];華北電力大學(xué);2013年

4 隆躍;基于碳排放效率的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈碳交易模型研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2107141