本文選題：可持續(xù)發(fā)展 + 政府行為��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 人口、資源與環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展是當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外比較關(guān)注的一個(gè)問題。無論國(guó)家與個(gè)人都認(rèn)識(shí)到人口、資源與環(huán)境的和諧,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的持續(xù)快速,社會(huì)生活的有序民主,等等問題成為關(guān)乎國(guó)家、民族與人類生死存亡的大事。它作為一個(gè)宏大的系統(tǒng)工程,涉及到社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)與生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)、統(tǒng)一；又包括代際內(nèi)與代際間的公平與效率。在一定時(shí)期,一定區(qū)域內(nèi),實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是使人類的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)達(dá)到帕累托最優(yōu),或者是帕累托次優(yōu),至少是第三優(yōu)；使后代人福利水平超過當(dāng)代人,起碼是不應(yīng)該降低。 本文旨在分析當(dāng)前社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中存在的非持續(xù)性問題,如代際間的不公平、資源環(huán)境消費(fèi)的外部性、資源環(huán)境定價(jià)問題等。通過對(duì)這些問題的分析總結(jié)出可持續(xù)發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展模式的特征差異等。 在這些問題的解決中,市場(chǎng)機(jī)制或非政府組織存在著失靈。如何才能實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的問題,不僅要求技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新,生產(chǎn)工藝的改進(jìn),更重要的是制度的合理安排,包括經(jīng)濟(jì)制度,法律制度,政府政策等方方面面的合理安排,從生產(chǎn)方式、分配方式、交換以及消費(fèi)方式等方面全面改善當(dāng)前的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)等,以使資源永續(xù)利用,生態(tài)環(huán)境得以保護(hù)。在此過程中,保護(hù)生態(tài),解決環(huán)境污染問題,提高生活質(zhì)量是實(shí)現(xiàn)人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。 本文主要是通過以下幾方面的論述,為政府發(fā)揮作用的機(jī)制提供思量。1、通過對(duì)政府作用機(jī)制的討論,明晰其在人口、資源與環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的權(quán)限與職責(zé),揭示政府在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的作用。2、設(shè)計(jì)合理的稅收制度,行政管理制度等為政府作用的有效發(fā)揮提供政策參考。 最后,在實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展過程中,加強(qiáng)政府作用,一方面要求政府作用定位要準(zhǔn),針對(duì)于市場(chǎng)不足或存在的缺陷；另一方面,要合理利用稅收、財(cái)政支出安排等政策,掌握好稅率、公共消費(fèi)比例與公共投資比例間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The sustainable development of population, resources and environment is a problem of concern at home and abroad. Whether the country or the individual recognizes the harmony of population, resources and environment, the sustained and rapid economic development, the orderly democracy of social life, and so on, it becomes a matter of great importance for the country, the nation and the human being to survive or die. As a grand system engineering, it involves the coordination and unification of social economic system and ecological environment system, and the equity and efficiency between generations. In a certain period, within a certain region, the realization of sustainable development means that the social production of human beings and economic activities reach the Pareto optimal, or Pareto sub-optimal, at least the third, so that the welfare level of future generations exceeds that of the present generation. At least it should not be lowered. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the unsustainable problems existing in the process of social and economic development, such as intergenerational inequity, externality of resource and environment consumption, resource and environment pricing, and so on. Through the analysis of these problems, the characteristics of sustainable development and traditional development model are summarized. In the solution of these problems, market mechanism or non-governmental organizations are out of order. The problem of how to achieve sustainable development requires not only technological innovation, improvement of production technology, but also reasonable arrangement of institutions, including economic system, legal system, government policy and so on. In order to make the sustainable use of resources and protect the ecological environment, the current social production and economic activities should be improved in terms of production mode, distribution mode, exchange mode and consumption mode. In this process, protecting ecology, solving the problem of environmental pollution and improving the quality of life are the key links to realize the sustainable development of human beings. This article mainly through the following several aspects elaboration, provides the consideration for the government to play the role mechanism. Through the discussion to the government function mechanism, clarifies its authority and responsibility in the population, the resources and the environment sustainable development, To reveal the role of the government in the sustainable development of social economy. 2. To design a reasonable tax system and administrative system to provide policy reference for the effective play of the role of the government. Finally, in the process of achieving sustainable development, strengthening the role of the government requires, on the one hand, that the role of the government be positioned accurately to address the shortcomings of the market; on the other hand, it is necessary to make rational use of policies such as taxation, fiscal expenditure arrangements, and so on. Grasp the tax rate, the proportion of public consumption and public investment proportion of the relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：F062.1

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