本文選題：產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力 + 決定因素�。� 參考：《江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2004年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的逐步深入、高新技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展和全球性買方市場的基本 形成，國際間的產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭日益加劇，產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力成為一個國家或地區(qū)國際經(jīng)濟(jì)地 位的決定性因素。因此，從20世紀(jì)80年代，尤其是90年代以來，許多國家紛紛 開展產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力理論研究，并取得了一些初步成果。 美國哈佛商學(xué)院教授邁克爾·波特(Michael E．Porter)是產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力理論的創(chuàng)始 人。他在1990年出版的《國家競爭優(yōu)勢》一書中通過對10個國家100多個產(chǎn)業(yè) 的實證分析，總結(jié)出了影響產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的六大因素，即：要素條件、需求條件、 相關(guān)與支持產(chǎn)業(yè)、企業(yè)策略結(jié)構(gòu)與競爭、機(jī)遇和政府作用，這就是著名的“鉆石 模型”理論(“鉆石體系”理論)。這一理論的提出，為產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力研究提供了系 統(tǒng)的分析框架。 然而，盡管“鉆石”理論得到了世界上大多數(shù)學(xué)界、政府和產(chǎn)業(yè)界的贊同， 但這并不能說明它就是一個十分完美的、放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的定律，仍存在著一些 缺陷或不足。主要表現(xiàn)為：(1) 過分強調(diào)一個國家的“商業(yè)環(huán)境”對產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力 形成的作用，未把產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部因素作為主導(dǎo)。(2) 忽視或淡化了“技術(shù)創(chuàng)新”對產(chǎn) 業(yè)競爭力的決定性作用，未能將它放在十分突出的位子，顯然與當(dāng)今“知識經(jīng)濟(jì)” 時代產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與競爭的現(xiàn)實和規(guī)律不符。(3) 片面強調(diào)“國內(nèi)需求條件”的作用， 低估了國際需求條件的重大影響，未能充分體現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下“國內(nèi)市場國 際化、國際市場國內(nèi)化”的大趨勢。(4) 對“政府角色”的作用重視不夠。在波 特的“鉆石”模型中，“政府”只是一個“輔助”因素，主張政府對產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展盡量 不要干預(yù)。很顯然，這對于市場經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和市場競爭主體比較成熟的發(fā)達(dá)國家是 正確的，而對于廣大市場經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和市場競爭主體均不成熟的發(fā)展中國家或地區(qū) 來說，就難以作出令人信服的解釋。 基于“鉆石”理論業(yè)已存在的缺陷或不足，本文根據(jù)比較優(yōu)勢理論、競爭優(yōu) 勢理論、國際競爭力理論以及現(xiàn)代競爭理論，運用規(guī)范分析與實證分析相結(jié)合、 定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，在充分吸收“鉆石”理論合理成分的基礎(chǔ)上， 對產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的決定因素進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析，并結(jié)合中國實際進(jìn)行對策研究。 本文認(rèn)為，產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的決定因素來源于三個層次，即：基礎(chǔ)因素、核心因 素和環(huán)境因素。所謂基礎(chǔ)因素，是指影響產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的基本要素，主要包括基礎(chǔ) 設(shè)施、資金資源、勞動力資源、自然資源等；所謂核心因素，是指在產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力 中起關(guān)鍵作用的要素，主要包括技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、企業(yè)素質(zhì)、市場結(jié)構(gòu)等；所謂環(huán)境因 素，是指來自產(chǎn)業(yè)外部，對產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力形成和提升具有較大影響的要素，主要包 括制度安排、政府作用等。只有這三個層次的力量共同作用才能決定一個產(chǎn)業(yè)的 競爭能力。 但是，由于這三個層次所包含的具體因素太多，在決定產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力中不可能 都經(jīng)常性地發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用。因此，我們只能選擇其中若干起主導(dǎo)作用的因 素。本文在綜合運用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、管理學(xué)有關(guān)原理的基礎(chǔ)上，通過大量的實證分析后 認(rèn)為，在產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的形成過程中有五個因素經(jīng)常性地發(fā)揮作用，這就是:資源 條件、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、企業(yè)素質(zhì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)和政府作用.為便于表述，本文稱之 為“五要素論”。這五大要素是決定產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的基本力量，而且，在這五大要素 中，資源條件、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、企業(yè)素質(zhì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)直接作用于產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力，政 府通過影響其他四個要素間接作用于產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力.這就是本文的理論框架。 本文認(rèn)為，“資源條件”是產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力所必須依賴的基本資源，是產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力 形成的基本前提。主要包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施資源、自然資源、資本資源、人力資源等. 在產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中，豐富而有特色的資源條件是其比較優(yōu)勢和競爭優(yōu)勢的重要來 源，有利于降低產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)成本，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)營效率;有利于增強產(chǎn)品 的差異性，使產(chǎn)業(yè)具備競爭對手難以獲取的優(yōu)勢;有利于擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)營規(guī)模， 提高在全球市場的份額:有利于改善產(chǎn)業(yè)的要素供給，提升產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展水平。 所謂“技術(shù)創(chuàng)新”是指新產(chǎn)品和新工藝設(shè)想的產(chǎn)生(獲取)、研究開發(fā)、應(yīng)用 于生產(chǎn)、進(jìn)入市場銷售并實現(xiàn)商業(yè)利益以及新技術(shù)擴(kuò)散整個過程的一切技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì) 活動的總和，分為產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新與工藝創(chuàng)新，漸進(jìn)性創(chuàng)新與基本性創(chuàng)新，資本節(jié)約型 創(chuàng)新、勞動節(jié)約型創(chuàng)新和中性型創(chuàng)新，綜合性創(chuàng)新四種類型。根據(jù)現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 理論，，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中越來越具有決定性的作用，也是產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力形成和 提高的關(guān)鍵因素.其作用機(jī)理主要表現(xiàn)為:降低產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)營成本，使產(chǎn)品在市場 上具有明顯的價格優(yōu)勢;不斷開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的差異化，使產(chǎn)業(yè)具有較強 的市場壟斷地位;改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)工藝，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率:提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)t，推進(jìn) 產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)高度化.實踐證明，在全球性競爭日趨激烈的條件下，只有持續(xù)進(jìn) 行技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，一國產(chǎn)業(yè)才能保持領(lǐng)先的競爭優(yōu)勢。 所謂“企業(yè)素質(zhì)”，是指構(gòu)成企業(yè)各要素的質(zhì)t及其相互結(jié)合的外在表現(xiàn)特征， 它決定了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動所必須具備的基本要素的有機(jī)結(jié)合所產(chǎn)生的整體功 能，主要包括技術(shù)素質(zhì)、管理素質(zhì)、規(guī)模素質(zhì)和人員素質(zhì)等內(nèi)容。在一個產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)， 只有
[Abstract]:With the gradual deepening of economic globalization, the rapid development of high technology and the basic of the global buyer's market
The international competitiveness of industries has become increasingly fierce, and industrial competitiveness has become an international economic area of a country or region.
Therefore, since 1980s, especially since 90s, many countries have come to the forefront.
Theoretical research on industrial competitiveness has been carried out and some preliminary results have been achieved.
Michael E.Porter, a Harvard Business School professor, is the creation of the theory of industrial competitiveness.
In his book "national competitive advantage" published in 1990, he passed more than 100 industries in 10 countries.
Based on the empirical analysis, the six factors that influence the competitiveness of industry are summed up.
Related and supporting industries, corporate strategy structure and competition, opportunities and government role, this is the famous "diamond".
The theory of "diamond" is put forward by the theory of "diamond".
The analysis framework of the system.
However, although the "diamond" theory has been endorsed by most mathematical circles, governments and industry in the world,
But this does not mean that it is a perfect law that is universally applicable.
Defects or deficiencies are mainly manifested as follows: (1) overemphasizing the industrial competitiveness of a country's "business environment"
The formation of the role does not take the internal factors of the industry as the leading factor. (2) neglect or weaken the "technological innovation" to the production.
The decisive role of industry competitiveness has failed to put it in a very prominent position, obviously with today's "knowledge economy".
The industrial development of the times is not in conformity with the reality and rules of competition. (3) unilaterally emphasize the role of "domestic demand conditions".
It underestimated the great influence of international demand conditions, and failed to fully reflect the "domestic market" under the conditions of economic globalization.
(4) insufficient attention is paid to the role of "government role".
In the special "diamond" model, the "government" is only an "auxiliary" factor, and it advocates that the government should try its best to develop the industry.
It is obvious that this is a developed country with relatively mature market economy system and market competition subjects.
It is right for developing countries or regions that are immature in the market economy system and market competition subjects.
It is difficult to make a convincing explanation.
Based on the existing defects or deficiencies of diamond theory, this paper is based on the theory of comparative advantage.
Potential theory, international competitiveness theory and modern competition theory are combined with normative analysis and empirical analysis.
The combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis is based on the full absorption of the rational components of "diamond" theory.
The determinants of industrial competitiveness are systematically analyzed, and countermeasures are put forward in light of China's actual conditions.
This paper holds that the determinants of industrial competitiveness come from three levels, namely, basic factors and core factors.
The basic factors refer to the basic factors that affect the competitiveness of the industry, including the foundation.
Facilities, capital resources, labor resources, natural resources, etc.
The key elements that play a key role include technological innovation, enterprise quality, market structure, and so on.
"Su" refers to the main factors that influence the formation and upgrading of industrial competitiveness from the outside of the industry.
It includes institutional arrangements, government functions and so on. Only these three levels of forces can work together to decide an industry.
Competitive ability.
However, because these three levels contain too many specific factors, it is impossible to decide the industrial competitiveness.
Often play a crucial role. Therefore, we can only choose a number of leading factors.
In this paper, based on the principles of economics and management, a lot of empirical analysis is carried out.
It is believed that five factors play a role in the formation of industrial competitiveness, that is, resources.
Conditions, technological innovation, enterprise quality, industrial organization structure and government functions.
As the "five elements theory", these five elements are the basic forces that determine the competitiveness of the industry, and these five elements are also important factors.
In China, resource conditions, technological innovation, enterprise quality and industrial organization structure play a direct role in industrial competitiveness.
The government indirectly acts on industrial competitiveness through influencing four other elements. This is the theoretical framework of this article.
This paper holds that "resource condition" is the basic resource that must be relied on in industrial competitiveness and the competitiveness of industry.
The basic premise of the formation includes infrastructure resources, natural resources, capital resources, human resources and so on.
In the process of industrial development, abundant and distinctive resource conditions are important for their comparative advantages and competitive advantages.
The source will help reduce the production cost of the products in the industry, improve the operation efficiency of the industry, and enhance the products.
The difference makes the industry have the advantage that the competitors can not get, and is conducive to expanding the scale of the operation of the industry.
Increasing the share in the global market is conducive to improving the supply of industries and improving the level of development of the industry.
The term "technological innovation" refers to the generation, acquisition, research, development and application of new products and new processes.
All technological economy in the whole process of production, market entry, business interests and new technology diffusion.
The sum of activities can be divided into product innovation and technological innovation, incremental innovation and basic innovation, and capital saving.
Innovation, labor saving innovation and neutral innovation, comprehensive innovation four types. According to the modern economic growth
Theory, technological innovation plays an increasingly decisive role in economic development, and is also the formation and competitiveness of industrial competitiveness.
The main mechanism of the improvement is: reducing the operating cost of the industry and making the product in the market.
It has obvious price advantages, constantly developing new products, promoting product differentiation, and making the industry strong.
Market monopoly; improve production technology and improve the efficiency of industry: improve product quality T, promote
The internal structure of the industry is highly developed. Practice has proved that under the condition of increasingly fierce global competition, only continuous progress is made.
With technological innovation, a country's industry can maintain its leading competitive edge.
The so-called "enterprise quality" refers to the quality t of all elements of an enterprise and the external characteristics of its combination.
It determines the overall work generated by the organic integration of the essential elements of an enterprise's production and operation activities.
It mainly includes technical quality, management quality, scale quality and personnel quality. In an industry,
only

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：F062.9

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 俞健業(yè);丘志力;黎志偉;魏巧坤;劉坤;羅宇鵬;;中國三大珠寶產(chǎn)業(yè)集群(區(qū))的競爭力分析[J];寶石和寶石學(xué)雜志;2011年02期

2 王芳琴;岳玉珠;;遼寧石油加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究[J];產(chǎn)業(yè)與科技論壇;2009年11期

3 王芳琴;岳玉珠;;遼寧石油加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究[J];北方經(jīng)貿(mào);2010年01期

4 劉曉輝;郭繼鳴;馬冬梅;;產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力影響因素分析[J];湖北經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2007年03期

5 成煥志;;我國民航產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力研究[J];科技廣場;2009年10期

6 艾莉;王提銀;李亞丹;趙凌霄;;寧夏羊絨產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力分析[J];農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究;2009年02期

7 姜鈺;;哈大齊工業(yè)走廊建設(shè)中的黑龍江省森工產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力分析[J];林業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題;2009年01期

8 田永曉;陳雅欣;;基于“鉆石模型”的中國印刷產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力實證分析[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究導(dǎo)刊;2012年33期

9 何彤;;企業(yè)競爭力的幾點關(guān)聯(lián)因素探討[J];清遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報;2011年04期

10 陸琳;;基于支持向量機(jī)的旅游目的地游客滿意度評價模型[J];山東經(jīng)濟(jì);2010年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 許方球;中藥企業(yè)競爭力形成機(jī)理與評價研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2010年

2 靖飛;產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈視角下江蘇省水稻種子產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

3 黃秀娟;旅游目的地國際競爭力決定因素研究[D];廈門大學(xué);2007年

4 賈俐俐;全球價值鏈分工下中國產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力研究[D];中共中央黨校;2008年

5 劉娟;貧困縣產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與可持續(xù)競爭力提升研究[D];中共中央黨校;2008年

6 劉有成;我國油田服務(wù)業(yè)的國際競爭力研究[D];中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）;2008年

7 何國輝;中國省級區(qū)域造紙產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力研究[D];福建農(nóng)林大學(xué);2008年

8 薄滂沱;保險集團(tuán)化理論與實踐研究[D];南開大學(xué);2008年

9 徐聲星;中國造紙產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2008年

10 石濤;基于要素稟賦、市場分割視角的區(qū)域汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 陳迎秋;湖南省裝備制造業(yè)競爭力及其影響因素研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2011年

2 韓笑;我國船舶產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力評價研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2011年

3 沈保華;物流產(chǎn)業(yè)集群競爭力評價指標(biāo)體系研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2011年

4 夏明;貴州裝備制造業(yè)競爭力提升研究[D];貴州財經(jīng)學(xué)院;2011年

5 馮娟;區(qū)域物流產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力研究[D];廣西大學(xué);2011年

6 李燁;以中美紡織品服裝貿(mào)易爭端為例探析貿(mào)易摩擦隱含的規(guī)律[D];對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué);2006年

7 索會敏;中國造紙產(chǎn)業(yè)的國際競爭力分析[D];河北工業(yè)大學(xué);2006年

8 王勇;中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力研究[D];東南大學(xué);2006年

9 陳四輝;地方特色產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2006年

10 劉一人;深港集裝箱碼頭群合作競爭策略研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2007年

本文編號：1788389