本文選題：技術創(chuàng)新　切入點：效率　出處：《浙江大學》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 在新增長理論將技術視為內生變量以來,對于技術創(chuàng)新內生性問題的關注與日俱增。在梳理國內外文獻的基礎上,對研發(fā)創(chuàng)新路徑進行分析,并著重對中國區(qū)域及產業(yè)層次的技術創(chuàng)新效率進行經驗分析,結論指出,在技術創(chuàng)新投入、產出到推動區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展的過程中,技術創(chuàng)新效率都有著決定性的作用。本文研究既是對增長理論中技術內生性問題的有益補充,也對中國從創(chuàng)新“大”國轉變?yōu)閯?chuàng)新“強”國提供了可行路徑。 論文得到的主要結論如下: 企業(yè)的研發(fā)路徑與企業(yè)所處技術知識環(huán)境密切相關,在企業(yè)追求創(chuàng)新效率最大化的條件下,技術機會及可吸收的技術知識越多,企業(yè)的研發(fā)路徑越趨向于同質化,研發(fā)支出的動力也更足。因此,構建有利于技術創(chuàng)新的技術知識環(huán)境非常重要。 研發(fā)、內生吸收能力、技術機會等創(chuàng)新投入因素與創(chuàng)新產出之間不再是簡單的線性關系,在技術創(chuàng)新效率的作用下,創(chuàng)新投入與創(chuàng)新產出的正向累積循環(huán)形成了區(qū)域創(chuàng)新“軌道”,使得創(chuàng)新先發(fā)優(yōu)勢繼續(xù)保持并不斷擴大,區(qū)域技術創(chuàng)新產出呈現日益明顯的“馬太效應”。 在技術創(chuàng)新體系中,由于研發(fā)目的及研發(fā)方向的不同,政府、企業(yè)、高校、研究機構具有明顯不同的創(chuàng)新效率,從我國東部尤其是東部沿海經濟區(qū)的高創(chuàng)新效率經驗來看,企業(yè)創(chuàng)新+政府扶持+創(chuàng)新累積的創(chuàng)新模式取得了最優(yōu)的創(chuàng)新效率。目前,企業(yè)在技術創(chuàng)新體系中的創(chuàng)新主體地位已經基本形成,政府大量投資于高校和研究機構,但他們的創(chuàng)新效率并不高,對于專利產出有負向的影響。高校和研究機構在技術創(chuàng)新體系中作用不顯著,一個重要的原因在于高校、研究機構與企業(yè)的合作,也即產學研合作的效率比較低。應該建立以企業(yè)為創(chuàng)新主體,高校、科研機構大力合作的產學研合作體系。政府在技術創(chuàng)新領域的更重要功能在于為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造一個有利于創(chuàng)新的技術知識環(huán)境以及在產學研合作方面提供更多的制度支持與資金支持。 產業(yè)層次的經驗分析表明,雖然我國技術創(chuàng)新產出增長很快,但與國外相比,目前我國產業(yè)技術創(chuàng)新水平普遍較低,雖然大量引進技術卻不注意消化吸收,因而產業(yè)創(chuàng)新效率較低。需要破除體制障礙,提高產業(yè)開放程度和集聚程度,提高產業(yè)內部吸收能力,從而提高創(chuàng)新效率。 東部地區(qū)的創(chuàng)新效率是中國最突出的,而在東部地區(qū)內部,上海、江蘇、浙江、山東和廣東這四省一市是我國技術創(chuàng)新投入和產出最突出的地區(qū),也是中國產業(yè)集聚水平和經濟發(fā)展水平最高的5個省市,因此,對這5省市進行區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展的影響因素研究。研究表明,生產集聚與創(chuàng)新集聚的確有著密切的關系,而且與區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展相關性也非常顯著,但目前我國仍舊以生產帶動經濟發(fā)展為主。技術創(chuàng)新的帶動作用在浙江、廣東和上海等創(chuàng)新效率較高的省市發(fā)揮得比較明顯,而在其他省市則難以體現。因此,本文結論認為,技術創(chuàng)新效率高的地區(qū),技術創(chuàng)新對區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展的動力作用也比較明顯。 總而言之,從技術創(chuàng)新投入到創(chuàng)新產出再到影響區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展的過程中,都不能忽視對于技術創(chuàng)新效率的關注。無論是區(qū)域層次還是產業(yè)層次,技術創(chuàng)新過程中都存在高投入高產出卻低效率的“效率悖論”,這提醒我們,應當注意技術創(chuàng)新的路徑,從“投入導向型”轉向“效率導向型”。技術創(chuàng)新方式的轉變,不僅有利于提高技術創(chuàng)新的產出水平,而且對于區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展水平也大有裨益。
[Abstract]:Since the new growth theory in which technology as an endogenous variable, for on the endogenous technology innovation. Based on combing the grow with each passing day on domestic and foreign literature on innovation, path analysis, and focus on the Chinese regional and industrial level of technology innovation efficiency of experience analysis, the conclusion pointed out that, in the investment of technology innovation. Output to promote the process of regional economic development, the efficiency of technological innovation has a decisive role. This study is a useful supplement to the endogenous growth theory in technology, also to provide a viable path China from the transformation and innovation of large country innovation for a strong country.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
The development path of enterprises and the technical knowledge is closely related to the environment, the pursuit of maximizing the efficiency of innovation in the enterprise under the condition of technological opportunity and the knowledge more development path of enterprises tend to homogenization, power research and development spending is also greater. Therefore, building a good environment for innovation and technical knowledge is very important.
R & D, endogenous absorption capacity, technology innovation investment opportunities between the factors and the innovation output is not a simple linear relationship, the efficiency of technological innovation under the action of positive cumulative innovation input and output of the formation of regional innovation "track" the first mover advantage to maintain innovation and expansion of regional technology innovation output there has been an increasingly obvious "Matthew effect".
In the technology innovation system, the research purpose and research direction, the government, enterprises, universities, research institutions have obvious innovation efficiency different from eastern China, especially the high efficiency of innovation experience of the eastern coastal economic zone, the innovation mode of enterprise innovation + government support + Innovation accumulation achieved optimal innovation efficiency. At present, enterprises in technological innovation system innovation main body status has been basically formed, the government invested heavily in universities and research institutions, but their innovation efficiency is not high, have a negative impact on patent output. Universities and research institutions in the technology innovation system does not play a significant role, an important reason is that the Colleges and universities, research institutions and enterprises cooperation, namely the cooperation efficiency is relatively low. Should the establishment of enterprises as the main innovation, universities, research cooperation system cooperation and scientific research institutions. The government The more important function of the government in the field of technological innovation is to create a technological knowledge environment conducive to innovation for enterprises and provide more institutional support and financial support for production, teaching and research cooperation.
The empirical study on the industries, although the output of technology innovation in China is growing rapidly, but compared with foreign countries, the current level of technological innovation of industry of our country is generally low, although the introduction of a large number of technology but do not pay attention to digestion and absorption, so industry innovation efficiency is relatively low. You need to get rid of institutional barriers, improve the degree of openness of the industry and the degree of agglomeration, improve the industrial internal absorption capacity, thereby enhancing the efficiency of innovation.
The eastern region is the most prominent China innovation efficiency, and, in the eastern regions of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Guangdong four provinces and one city is China's most prominent technology innovation input and output regions, 5 provinces and cities, but also China industrial agglomeration level is the highest level of economic development. Therefore, study on influence factors for the regional economic development of the 5 provinces. The study shows that the production agglomeration and innovation agglomeration have close relations, and the correlation with regional economic development is also significant, but at present our country is still in production to promote economic development. Technological innovation leading role in Zhejiang, Guangdong and Shanghai provinces and the high efficiency of innovation play more obvious, which is difficult to reflect in other provinces and cities. Therefore, this paper concludes that the technological innovation efficiency of high area, dynamic effect of technology innovation on regional economic development are relatively bright Explicit.
In a word, from innovation inputs to innovation output and to regional economic development, can not ignore the efficiency of technology innovation. In regional and industrial level, high investment high yield but low efficiency of the "efficiency paradox" exists in the process of technological innovation, which reminds us that attention should be paid to the path of technological innovation, from the "input oriented" to "efficiency oriented". The transformation of the way of technical innovation, not only conducive to improve the technology innovation level of output, but also for the regional economic development level is also of great benefit.

【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：F224;F062.4

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本文編號：1610321